摘要：
Microplastics have become a research hotspot in the environmental field owing to their persistence and complex ecological effects. Although microplastics have attracted public attention only recently, the microplastic pollution in lake, a unique water system characterized by their irreplaceable ecological value and special hydrodynamic conditions, were increasingly documented, calling for a summary of the most recent advance in this research area. Therefore, the sampling and analysis methods, occurrence, sources, and ecological effects of microplastics in lakes were summarized in this review. Various types of plastics are produced and used in large quantities for different purposes, resulting in microplastic pollution being widespread in lakes worldwide, albeit with different levels and characteristics. Microplastics constantly migrate and transform in lake ecosystems, exerting impacts on ecological, including pollution diffusion and biological toxicity. This review focused on the migration of microplastics in water and food chains, which is a different perspective than that considered in previously published reviews. This review also discussed the limitations of existing studies and made recommendations. Future research directions should include the following: 1) improving the baseline database of microplastic pollution in lakes; (2) unifying the sampling and laboratory analysis methods; (3) exploring the quantitative analysis methods of the sources, transportation, and fate of microplastics; (4) considering more factors to explore the effects of microplastics on lake ecosystems.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Jing; Cheng, Yongzhou; Cheng, Haiyang; Zheng, Yuwei; Lyu, Xing] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Hydraul & Environm Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Cheng, Yongzhou] Key Lab Water Sediment Sci & Water Disaster Preven, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Cheng, Yongzhou] Dalian Univ Technol, State Key Lab Coastal & Offshore Engn, Dalian 116024, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yongzhou Cheng] S;School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
关键词：
Irregular wave;Local scour;Machine learning;Pore water pressure;Wave-current flume
通讯机构：
[Liao, Z.] H;[Li, S.] S;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China<&wdkj&>The Lyell Centre for Earth and Marine Science and Technology, Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
关键词：
Long wave;Coral reef;Energy transfer;SWASH;Breakpoint forcing;Radiation stress
通讯机构：
[Long, YN ] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Hydraul & Environm Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;Key Lab Dongting Lake Aquat Ecoenvironm Control &, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;Key Lab Water Sediment Sci & Water Disaster Preven, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
关键词：
water level;discharge;Dongting Lake;water surface slope
摘要：
Abstract: The hydrological characteristics of the river–lake connecting section are determined by their interaction and studying them can help to understand the changing relationship between these two water bodies over time. The Lujiao–Luosan section is the connecting section of Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River, and the hydrological data for this section over the past 70 years has been analyzed. It has been found that the lowest water level is consistently rising at the same discharge at Chenglingji station, which is the joint point of Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River. While this could alleviate the drought situation in the Dongting Lake area during dry seasons, it could pose a more significant flood-control challenge during high water levels in the flood season. The water surface slope shows a decreasing trend especially during the dry season, except for the high flood period (July–September), which indicates that the water slope in the connecting section of Dongting Lake has become flatter. The backwater effect of the Yangtze River on Dongting Lake becomes increasingly stronger as the water surface slope difference between the Chenglingji–Luoshan section and the Lujiao–Chenglingji section changes from negative to positive between January and April. Keywords: water level; discharge; Dongting Lake; water surface slope
通讯机构：
[Long, YN ] ;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Hydraul & Environm Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Dongting Lake Basin;Data -scarce area;Coupled hydrological and hydrodynamic;models;Streamflow simulation;Lake water balance
摘要：
Study region: The Dongting Lake Basin is a typical regional study in humid southern China with data-scarce areas. Study focus: This study improved the streamflow simulation by coupling hydrological and hydrodynamic models and considering water yields in data-scarce areas. We constructed a soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) hydrological model of the Dongting Lake Basin to simulate the streamflow in the data-scarce areas, which was further coupled into the MIKE21 hydrodynamic model as additional boundary conditions. New hydrological insights: The results showed that the relative error of streamflow simulation was reduced from 24.64 % to 10.50 % in the coupled hydrological-hydraulic model over the singular hydrodynamic model, which also indirectly verified the results of streamflow simulation in the data-scarce area. Based on the coupled model, the annual water yields in the data-scarce areas were estimated to be 38.95 x 109 m3, representing 15.13 % of the yearly water yields in the basin. The water yields in the data-scarce areas showed a seasonal variation, which was concentrated from April to July. The monthly water balance error of the Dongting Lake Basin was significantly reduced (57.42 %) when considering the water yields in data-scarce areas. The model-coupling approach in this study can be applied to other data-scarce areas to improve streamflow simulation.
作者机构：
[Zhao, Yuelong; Zhang, Peng; Fan, Yali] Taiyuan Univ Technol, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Taiyuan 411201, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Peng] Shanxi Normal Univ, Upgrading Off Modern Coll Humanities & Sci, Linfen 041000, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Peng; Zhang, Wei] Hunan Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Civil Engn, Xiangtan 411201, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Wei] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Hydraul Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wei Zhang; Peng Zhang] C;College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China<&wdkj&>College of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Upgrading Office of Modern College of Humanities and Sciences of Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, China<&wdkj&>College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 411201, China
摘要：
In this study, CTS-GSH was prepared by grafting thiol (-SH) groups onto chitosan (CTS), which was characterized through Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Differential Thermal Analysis-Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTA-TG). The performance of CTS-GSH was evaluated by measuring Cr(VI) removal efficiency. The -SH group was successfully grafted onto CTS, forming a chemical composite, CTS-GSH, with a rough, porous and spatial network surface. All of the molecules tested in this study were efficient at removing Cr(VI) from the solution. The more CTS-GSH added, the more Cr(VI) removed. When a suitable dosage of CTS-GSH was added, Cr(VI) was almost completely removed. The acidic environment at pH 5-6 was beneficial for the removal of Cr(VI), and at pH 6, the maximum removal efficiency was achieved. Further experimentation showed that with 100.0 mg/L CTS-GSH for the disposal of 5.0 mg/L Cr(VI) solution, the removal rate of Cr(VI) reached 99.3% with a slow stirring time of 8.0 min and sedimentation time of 3 h; the presence of four common ions, including Mg2+, Ca2+, SO42- and CO32-, had an inhibitory effect on CTS-GSH's ability to remove Cr(VI) from the aqueous solution, and more CTS-GSH was needed to reduce this inhibiting action. Overall, CTS-GSH exhibited good results in Cr(VI) removal, and thus has good potential for the further treatment of heavy metal wastewater.
摘要：
【目的】研究铁山水库流域非点源污染负荷的空间分布规律及影响因素，为铁山水库流域水质保护与非点源污染控制提供参考。【方法】建立了铁山水库流域的水土评价模型（soil and water assessment tool,SWAT），并运用该模型研究了流域总氮和总磷非点源污染排放强度与贡献率的空间分布特征及3种不同土地利用情景下非点源污染的变化情况。【结果】SWAT模型在模拟铁山水库流域水流和污染物运移过程方面精度良好。铁山水库流域非点源氮素主要来源于库区农田耕作过程中施加的化肥，而流域非点源磷素则主要来源于库区分散农村人口排放的生活污水及库区农田耕作过程中施加的化肥。流域非点源总氮和总磷污染负荷量在1995—2015年间分别下降了49.26%和86.66%。【结论】在流域内进行退耕还林及人口集中与外迁安置对流域非点源污染控制具有积极作用。
期刊：
Water Resources Management,2023年37(12):4933-4948 ISSN：0920-4741
通讯作者：
Long, YN
作者机构：
[Long, Yuannan; Zheng, Moruo; Long, YN; Yan, Shixiong] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Hydraul & Environm Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Long, Yuannan; Long, YN] Key Lab Dongting Lake Aquat Ecoenvironm Control &, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Long, Yuannan; Long, YN] Key Lab Water Sediment Sci & Water Disaster Preven, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[He, Huaiguang] Hunan Inst Water Resources & Hydropower Res, Changsha 410007, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Long, YN ] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Hydraul & Environm Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;Key Lab Dongting Lake Aquat Ecoenvironm Control &, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;Key Lab Water Sediment Sci & Water Disaster Preven, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Onset and demise;Rainy season;Xiang River Basin;Cumulative rainfall deficit;Soil moisture
摘要：
This study examines potential changes in the summer rainy season of a watershed, using a cumulative rainy deficit curve to define the onset and demise of the rainy season. Historical daily rainfall data from 41 gauge stations within the Xiang River Basin in 1960-2017 were analyzed. Results indicate that the climatology of the onset date is Julian day 72 and the climatology of the demise date is Julian day 236. There is, however, a difference between the two segments, e.g., 1960-1989 and 1990-2017. The median rainy season duration in 1990-2017 is 138 days. This is larger than that of 1960-1989, which is 120 days. There is a statistically significant correlation between the onset date of the rainy season and the duration of the rainy season. Daily soil moisture estimates were derived from satellite remote sensing data. The averaged soil moisture during the rainy season is much higher than that of the non-rainy season. To examine the difference in quick flow between rainy and non-rainy season, baseflow separation was applied to daily streamflow time series. Result reveals the median of weekly quick flow in rainy season is 1316 cms, which is 5.7 times that of the weekly quick flow in non-rainy season. Different mechanisms that drive spring and summer rainfall, as well as potential use of the results in water management, are discussed.
关键词：
special ordered set of type 2;monthly hydropower scheduling;spillage controllable
摘要：
This study introduces a novel approach for optimizing the monthly hydropower scheduling of cascaded reservoirs by employing a special ordered set of type 2 (SOS2) formulation within a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. The proposed method linearizes the relationships between hydropower output, spillage, storage, and outflow, enabling controllable spillage. The objective is to minimize spillage, maximize firm hydropower output, and maximize energy production, all in priority while considering complex constraints such as reservoir storage and discharge bounds, upstream-downstream relationship, and water balance. The approach is applied to four cascaded reservoirs on the Lancang River. Results indicate that the SOS2 formulation effectively minimizes spillage, maximizes hydropower generation, and ensures maximum firm power output. Comparisons across different gridding resolutions reveal that more grid points yield greater benefits but with a longer solution time. Furthermore, a comparison with the Successive Quadratic Programming (SQP) method highlights the superior performance of the SOS2 model in terms of objective improvement and solution efficiency. This research offers valuable insights into optimizing monthly hydropower scheduling for cascaded reservoir systems, enhancing operational efficiency and decision-making in water resources management.
作者机构：
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China;[Wenqian Chen] Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, S9, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore;[Chao Lei] School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, P. R. China;[Qian Guo; Binbin Huang] College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
通讯机构：
[Binbin Huang] C;College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
摘要：
The separation of photogenerated charges is vital for photocatalysis. Here, we report a wireless photoelectrochemical strategy for efficient charge separation on an optoelectronic synergy-driven nanoparticulate semiconductor. Using g-C3N4/Fe–TiO2 as model semiconductor nanoparticles, an advanced oxidation process (AOP) for water remediation was established with the activity and O2•– photogeneration quantum efficiency being significantly improved (i.e., 9.7 times compared to conventional photoelectrocatalysis and 5.9 times that of photocatalysis, respectively). More importantly, this strategy has a wide range of applications for the removal of different refractory organic pollutants with a strong tolerance for a supporting electrolyte. The extraordinary catalytic performance was attributed to a synergistic effect between photochemistry and electrochemistry on the particle surface, where numerous nanobipolar electrodes were generated under an electric field to trigger the reduction of electrogenerated O2 to form reactive oxygen species. This work provides a promising AOP strategy of a photoelectrochemical-driven nanoparticulate semiconductor for challenging water remediation.
作者机构：
[Yao, Zhen; Bian, Cheng; Jiang, Changbo; Wu, Zhiyuan; Chen, Jie] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Hydraul & Environm Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Changbo; Wu, Zhiyuan; Chen, Jie] Key Lab Dongting Lake Aquat Ecoenvironm Control &, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Changbo; Wu, Zhiyuan; Chen, Jie] Key Lab Water Sediment Sci & Water Disaster Preven, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jie Chen; Jie Chen Jie Chen Jie Chen] S;School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114 China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114 China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114 China
关键词：
Coral reef sediment;incipient mean velocity;median shape factor;Shields curve band;threshold of motion
摘要：
Abstract This study experimentally documented the thresholds of critical motion for tropical shallow marine carbonate sediments by conducting a total of 225 laboratory experiments that included the analysis of nine median sediment diameters and five water depths. A shape factor, Sf, which quantifies the shape of a single particle, was evaluated during the investigation. Both the critical Shields parameter and the incipient mean velocity were used to represent the critical thresholds of motion. The thresholds of motion for coral reef sediment were then compared with the results from quartz sand. The experimental results show that the critical threshold of motion is smaller for coral reef sediment than for quartz sand of the same median sieve diameter due to differences in particle shape in spite of the coral reef sediment being of higher density. For diameters higher than 1.425 mm, the critical Shields parameters and incipient mean velocities tend to have similar values to quartz sand. The differences between the two increased significantly for median sieve diameters <1.075 mm. Based on the experimental data, Shields curve bands and equations for the incipient mean velocity for sediments of differing shape factors were obtained for tropical shallow marine carbonate sediments as well as marine carbonate grains.
期刊：
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE,2023年6(1) ISSN：2397-3722
通讯作者：
Chai, YF
作者机构：
[Zhu, Boyuan; Cheng, Yongzhou; Hu, Xuyue] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Hydraul & Environm Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Zhu, Boyuan; Cheng, Yongzhou; Hu, Xuyue] Key Lab Water Sediment Sci & Water Disaster Preven, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Chai, Yuanfang] Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.;[Berghuijs, Wouter R.] Free Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.;[Borthwick, Alistair G. L.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Engn, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Scotland.
通讯机构：
[Chai, YF ] B;Beijing Normal Univ, Fac Geog Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Over the tropical land surface, accurate estimates of future changes in temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration are crucial for ecological sustainability, but remain highly uncertain. Here we develop a series of emergent constraints (ECs) by using historical and future outputs from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Earth System Models under the four basic Shared Socio-economic Pathway scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585). Results show that the temperature sensitivity to precipitation during 2015-2100, which varies substantially in the original CMIP6 outputs, becomes systematically negative across SSPs after application of the EC, with absolute values between -1.10 & DEG;C mm(-1) day and -3.52 & DEG;C mm(-1) day, and with uncertainties reduced by 9.4% to 41.4%. The trend in tropical land-surface evapotranspiration, which was increasing by 0.292 mm yr(-1) in the original CMIP6 model outputs, becomes significantly negative (-0.469 mm yr(-1)) after applying the constraint. Moreover, we find a significant increase of 58.7% in the leaf area index growth rate.
作者机构：
[Jiang, Changbo; Ma, Yuan; Jiang, CB; Li, Shanshan; Li, Chuannan] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Hydraul Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Li, Shanshan] Hunan City Univ, Coll Civil Engn, Yiyang 413002, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Changbo; Ma, Yuan; Jiang, CB; Li, Chuannan] Key Lab Dongting Lake Aquat Ecoenvironm Control &, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jiang, CB ] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Hydraul Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;Key Lab Dongting Lake Aquat Ecoenvironm Control &, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
关键词：
spatiotemporal trend;hydroclimatic variables;the Dongting Lake basin
摘要：
The Dongting Lake basin, located in the middle Yangtze River region, has long been under the threat of climate change. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive analysis and research on the long-term trends and interactions among hydrometeorological factors within the region. To address this gap, this study collected data from 31 meteorological stations in the region and employed statistical analysis methods, including the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test, Sen's slope test, and cross-wavelet analysis. The results revealed significant increases in temperatures, especially in the spring season, while summer, winter, and annual rainfall also exhibited a significant increase. However, spring and autumn rainfall showed a non-significant decrease, and there was a clear decreasing trend in annual streamflow. Interestingly, evaporation demonstrated a significant increasing trend. The annual average temperature and annual runoff exhibited approximately negative correlations in the 6-10-year resonance period and positive correlations in the 4-6-year resonance period. There are significant positive resonance periods in the relationship between annual precipitation and annual runoff within the range of 0-12 years, indicating that precipitation has a substantial impact and serves as the primary source of runoff. Furthermore, there was a transition between "abundance" and "dry" periods in the annual runoff around 4 a, occurring before and after 1973 and 2005. The change points in annual precipitation and runoff were identified as 1993 and 1983.
通讯机构：
[Zhe Kong] S;School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China<&wdkj&>National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China<&wdkj&>Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China<&wdkj&>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba Ward, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
摘要：
The feasibility of anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for the treatment of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-containing wastewater was theoretically compared with the conventional activated sludge (CAS) process in this study. The electricity consumption and expenditure, bio-energy production and CO(2) emission were investigated using the operational results of a lab-scale AnMBR operated in a long-term operation. The AnMBR was capable of producing bio-methane from wastewater and generated 3.45kWh/m(3) of electricity as recovered bio-energy while the CAS just generated 1.17kWh/m(3) of electricity from the post-treatment of excessive sludge disposal. The large quantity of bio-methane recovered by the AnMBR can also be sold as sustainable bioresource for the use of household natural gas with a theoretical profit gain of 29,821 US$/year, while that of the CAS was unprofitable. The AnMBR was also demonstrated to significantly reduce the carbon emission by obtaining a theoretical negative CO(2) production of -2.34kg CO(2)/m(3) with the recycle of bio-energy while that for the CAS was 4.50kg CO(2)/m(3). The results of this study demonstrate that the AnMBR process has promising potential for the carbon-neutral treatment of high-strength DMF-containing wastewater in the future.
摘要：
Monopile foundations are currently the most significant support form for offshore wind turbines. An experimental investigation of the vibrating monopile was conducted inside the cohesionless saturated sand bed to examine the pore water pressure oscillation response law and amplitude variation features around the monopile under the vibration effect. The experimental results indicate that the vibration loading force Fp, vibration frequency fv and vibration amplitude Av have remarkable impacts on the various characteristics of the pore pressure response around the monopile foundation. The lower the vibration frequency, the more prominent is the delayed attenuation process during the oscillation cycle, and a succession of pore pressure sub-peaks develop near the phase end of the cycle period. Additionally, the pore pressure amplitude decay rate increases with increasing frequency as the depth of the seabed grows, and the pile side pore pressure shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing with frequency.
作者机构：
[Ren, X. Y.; Wu, Y. W.; Jin, Z. H.; Wei, F. F.] Hainan Univ, Coll Civil Engn & Architecture, Renmin Rd 58, Haikou 570228, Peoples R China.;[Qu, K.] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Hydraul Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Ren, X. Y.; Qu, K.] Key Lab Water Sediment Sci & Water Disaster Preven, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Luo, X.] Tongji Univ, Coll Transportat Engn, Key Lab Rd & Traff Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Y.W. Wu; X.Y. Ren] C;College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China<&wdkj&>College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
关键词：
Particle flow;Pier;Hydrodynamic loads;CFD-DEM;Volume of fluid
摘要：
In many recorded natural disasters, the floating debris was observed to contribute a lot to the destructive power of violent water against structures. To explore the impacting effects acting on the bridge pier from a debris flow in a tsunami disaster, a three-phase numerical model is used based on a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Discrete Element Method (DEM) coupling method. The Navier-Stokes equations are adopted to describe the fluid behaviors with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method to track the free surface, and a virtual dual grid porosity model is adopted to calculate the fluid porosity. The particles are computed by the Newton's laws and contact laws. The simulated results of single particle sedimentation, single particle floating in dam-break flow, and the settling of particles with different diameters agree well with the literature, which validate this model. The model was then employed to investigate the fluid flow with the floating particles colliding with the bridge pier using dam-break flow to simulate the tsunami bore. The results show the impacting load from the debris flow acting on the bridge pier is 295% larger than the impacting load from the flow without debris, and expose the impacting procedure.
