作者机构：
Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia;[L.Y. Chen] School of Material Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China;[Y.J. Liu] Institute of Metals, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410114, China;[S.X. Liang] School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
通讯机构：
[L.C. Zhang] C;Centre for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia 6027, Australia
关键词：
Laser powder bed fusion;Titanium;Corrosion;Oxide film;NaCl;Compressive strain
摘要：
This work investigated the corrosion behavior of LPBF-produced Ti-6Al-4V under varying compression strains in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. It identifies that increasing compression strain causes significant alterations in the acicular α'-Ti phase (coarsening, breakage, and further coarsening). Corrosion resistance decreases with higher strains due to deformed α'-Ti phases, leading to increased film growth kinetics (from 0.09× 10−10 cm2/s increase to 12.75 × 10−10 cm2/s). Samples under higher strains (e.g., 32%) exhibit fluctuations in corrosion behavior due to initiated cracks and subsequent crevice corrosion. These findings are vital for understanding LPBF-produced Ti-6Al-4V in applications requiring mechanical strength and corrosion resilience.
作者：
Ma, H. Y.;Wang, J. C.;Qin, P.;Liu, Y. J.;Chen, L. Y.;...
期刊：
材料科学技术(英文版),2024年183:32-62 ISSN：1005-0302
通讯作者：
Zhang, L;Liu, Y;Chen, LY;Wang, L
作者机构：
[Qin, P.; Wang, J. C.; Ma, H. Y.; Zhang, L. C.] Edith Cowan Univ, Sch Engn, Ctr Adv Mat & Mfg, 270 Joondalup Dr, Perth, WA 6027, Australia.;[Wang, J. C.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Engn, M050,35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.;[Liu, Y. J.] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Inst Met, Changsha 410004, Peoples R China.;[Chen, L. Y.; Chen, LY] Jiangsu Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Zhenjiang 212100, Peoples R China.;[Wang, L. Q.] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, State Key Lab Met Matrix Composites, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Y ] C;[Chen, LY ] J;[Wang, L ] S;[Zhang, L ] E;Edith Cowan Univ, Sch Engn, Ctr Adv Mat & Mfg, 270 Joondalup Dr, Perth, WA 6027, Australia.
关键词：
Powder bed fusion;Directed energy deposition;Titanium alloys;Phase transformation;Defects;Mechanical property
摘要：
Ti and its alloys have been broadly adopted across various industries owing to their outstanding properties, such as high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent fatigue performance, exceptional corrosion resistance and so on. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a complement to, rather than a replacement for, traditional manufacturing processes. It enhances flexibility in fabricating complex components and resolves machining challenges, resulting in reduced lead times for custom designs. However, owing to distinctions among various AM technologies, Ti alloys fabricated by different AM methods usually present differences in microstructure and defects, which can significantly influence the mechanical performance of built parts. Therefore, having an in-depth knowledge of the scientific aspects of fabrication and material properties is crucial to achieving high-performance Ti alloys through different AM methods. This article reviews the mechanical properties of Ti alloys fabricated by two mainstream powder-type AM techniques: powder bed fusion (PBF) and directed energy deposition (DED). The review examines several key aspects, encompassing phase formation, grain size and morphology, and defects, and provides an in-depth analysis of their influence on the mechanical behaviors of Ti alloys. This review can aid researchers and engineers in selecting appropriate PBF or DED methods and optimizing their process parameters to fabricate high-performance Ti alloys for a wide range of industrial applications.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology. This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
摘要：
Atomic metal-nitrogen-carbon catalysts (M-N-Cs) are promising electrocatalysts for the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e(-) ORR) for the green production of H2O2. However, the conventional synthetic methods of M-N-Cs typically suffer from prolonged possessing time and high energy consumption. Herein, a flash light irradiation-assisted transient pyrolysis strategy is reported for the rapid and facile synthesis of a Co-N-C catalyst consisting of atomic Co-N-4 sites supported on graphene. The resultant Co-N-C is highly active and selective as an electrocatalyst for the 2e(-) ORR, with a H2O2 selectivity up to 94.2%, high mass activity of 113.9 A g(-1), high turnover frequency of 34.8 s(-1), and an average H2O2 production rate of 12.1 mol g(-1) h(-1) with an accumulated H2O2 concentration up to 15.2 mmol L-1 when evaluated with a three-phase flow cell setup. Additionally, this synthetic strategy can be readily expanded to prepare other types of M-N-Cs (M = Fe, Ni, Cu, and noble metal Ir) with similar M-N-4 configurations by simply changing the metal precursors, demonstrating the generality of this method. The rapid and general flash-assisted synthetic strategy for M-N-Cs can provide a readily accessible material library and platform for investigating their catalytic properties in different energy conversion processes.
期刊：
Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2024年976:173070 ISSN：0925-8388
通讯作者：
Ning, XT;Zeng, B
作者机构：
[Ning, Xutao; Peng, Qiao; Ning, XT] Hunan Univ Humanities Sci & Technol, Sch Mat & Environm Engn, Hunan Prov Key Lab Fine Ceram & Powder Mat, Loudi 417000, Peoples R China.;[Zeng, Bin; Li, Linfang] Hunan Univ Arts & Sci, Coll Mech Engn, Changde 415000, Peoples R China.;[Deng, Xiaohai] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zeng, B ; Ning, XT ] H;Hunan Univ Humanities Sci & Technol, Sch Mat & Environm Engn, Hunan Prov Key Lab Fine Ceram & Powder Mat, Loudi 417000, Peoples R China.;Hunan Univ Arts & Sci, Coll Mech Engn, Changde 415000, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Photocatalyticity;Ternary photocatalyst;Type II heterostructure;Z-scheme
摘要：
A novel Ag(3)PO4/g-C3N4/Zn-3(PO4)(2) photocatalyst with ternary heterostructure and Z-scheme/type II dual pathway mechanism was synthesized. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy data showed that Ag3PO4, Zn-3(PO4)(2), and g-C3N4 were in close contact, leading to the formation of the ternary heterojunction. Under simulated solar light irradiation, the Ag3PO4/g-C3N4/Zn-3(PO4)(2) photocatalyst efficiently degraded rhodamine B (RhB) and displayed much higher photocatalytic activity than pure Ag3PO4, g-C3N4, Zn-3(PO4)(2), and Ag3PO4/Zn-3(PO4)(2) composite, exhibiting a RhB photodegradation efficiency of similar to 91.2 % within 60 min. The quenching effects of different scavengers and electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments demonstrated that reactive h(+) and center dot O-2(-) species played major roles in the photocatalytic reaction. It was elucidated that excellent photocatalytic activity could be ascribed to the Z-scheme/type II dual carrier transfer pathways. Therefore, the formation of a ternary heterostructure system is an efficient method for separating charge carriers and retaining their redox capabilities.
摘要：
The practical implementation of high‐voltage lithium‐rich manganese oxide (LRMO) cathode is limited by the formation of dendrites, unanticipated electrolyte decomposition, and dissolution of transition metal ions. The present study proposes a bi‐affinity electrolyte formulation, wherein the sulfonyl group of ethyl vinyl sulfone (EVS) imparts a highly adsorptive nature to LRMO, while fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) exhibits a reductive nature towards Li metal. This interface modulation strategy involves the synergistic use of EVS and FEC as additives to form robust interphase layers on the electrode. As‐formed S‐endorsed but LiF‐assisted configuration cathode electrolyte interphase with a more dominant ‐SO2‐ component may promote the interface transport kinetics and prevent the dissolution of transition metal ions. Furthermore, the incorporation of S component into the solid electrolyte interphase and the reduction of its poorly conducting component can effectively inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. Therefore, a 4.8 V LRMO/Li cell with optimized electrolyte may demonstrate a remarkable retention capacity of 97% even after undergoing 300 cycles at 1 C.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Haitao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Proc Engn, Beijing Key Lab Ion Liquids Clean Proc, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.;[Yuan, Du] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410004, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Jin] Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Inst Adv Mat IAM, Key Lab Organ Elect & Informat Displays KLOEID, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Jin] Nanjing Univ Posts & Telecommun, Inst Adv Mat IAM, Jiangsu Key Lab Biosensors, Nanjing 210023, Peoples R China.;[Ji, Xiaoyan] Lulea Univ Technol, Div Energy Sci, Energy Engn, S-97187 Lulea, Sweden.
通讯机构：
[Prof. Haitao Zhang] B;[Prof. Du Yuan] C;[Prof. Jin Zhao] K;[Prof. Xiaoyan Ji] E;[Prof. Yi-Zhou Zhang] S
摘要：
This Special Collection highlights the latest developments in the field of gel electrolytes. In this Editorial, guest editors Haitao Zhang, Du Yuan, Jin Zhao, Xiaoyan Ji, and Yi‐Zhou Zhang briefly introduced the research focusing on chemistry and applications of gel electrolytes in this special collection.
摘要：
:Lu2O3 transparent ceramics were fabricated successfully by vacuum sintering along with hot isostatic pressing (HIP) post-treatment from the nanopowders. The influences of calcination temperature on morphology and microstructures of powders and ceramics were studied systematically. The optimal ceramic sample from the nanopowders calcined at 1050°C shows uniform and dense microstructure with the in-line transmittance of 81.5% at 1100 nm. The results of the thermal measurements, i.e. thermal conductivity and specific heat, were related to the changes occurring in the microstructure of the ceramics studied. It was shown on this basis that appropriate control of the technological process of sintering ceramics makes it possible to obtain laser ceramics with very good thermal properties as well as maintaining their high optical quality. Concerning the laser performance, the highest-optical quality 5at.% Yb:Lu2O3 sample was pumped in quasi-Continuous Wave (i.e. quasi-CW) conditions measuring a maximum output power of 2.59 W with a corresponding slope efficiency of 32.4%.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
期刊：
Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2023年937:168544 ISSN：0925-8388
通讯作者：
Xiaobo Zhu
作者机构：
[Huang, Aoyu; Tong, Zhuoya; Xu, Jun; Zhu, Xiaobo; She, Qin; Deng, Yimei; Ye, Qingquan] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiaobo Zhu] C;College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
关键词：
Lithium-ion batteries;LiNi0;5Mn1;Hierarchical microstructure;Transition metal disordering
摘要：
High-voltage spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is one of the most attractive cathode materials for next -generation Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, its electrochemical performance depends on its morphology as well as a range of structural parameters. To boost the electrochemical performance of LNMO, here we combine the design of hierarchical microstructure with the control of structural disordering. The hierarchical microrod structure enabled by a simple self-template method guarantees stable capacity retention up to 20 C. Moving forward, the further control of the structural disordering by quenching the microrods at different temperatures leads to an outstanding rate capability. The LNMO microrods quenched at 700 celcius deliver a capacity of 116 mA h g-1 even at a discharging rate of 50 C, and the electrode maintains 80 % of its capacity after 1000 cycles at 5 C. Further experimental study discloses the critical role of the structural disordering over Mn3+ towards the electrochemical performance.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
期刊：
Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2023年43(11):4636-4644 ISSN：0955-2219
通讯作者：
Feng, ZR
作者机构：
[Peng, Ke; Yi, Maozhong; Feng, Zhirong; Xie, Aolin; Wang, Xiaodong; Zhang, Bei; Ge, Yicheng; Xu, Ping] Cent South Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Zhe] Changsha Univ & Sci & Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410114, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Feng, ZR ] C;Cent South Univ, State Key Lab Powder Met, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
关键词：
C;C composites;SiC nanowire-toughened SiC coating;Double protective layers;Fracture toughness;Oxidation resistance
摘要：
To maintain the thermal stability of SiC nanowires during SiC coating fabrication process, carbon and SiC double protective layers were covered on the surface of nanowires. And SiC nanowires with double protective layers toughened SiC coating were prepared by pack cementation. The results showed that after introducing the SiC nanowires with double protective layers, the fracture toughness of the SiC coating was increased by 88.4 %. The coating protected C/C for 175 h with a mass loss of 3.67 %, and after 51 thermal shock cycles, the mass losses of the oxidized coating were 3.96 %. The double protective layers are beneficial to improve the thermal stability of nanowires, leading to good fracture toughness and thermal shock resistance of SiC coating. SiC nanowires consume the energy of crack propagation by fracture, pullout and bridging, leading to an increase in fracture toughness.
期刊：
Journal of Power Sources,2023年556:232443 ISSN：0378-7753
通讯作者：
Mei Ding<&wdkj&>Jinlong Liu
作者机构：
[He, Murong; Xu, Jian; Jia, Chuankun; Fu, Hu; Ding, Mei] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Energy Storage Technol, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Bao, Xinjun] Hunan Inst Engn, Sch Text & Fash, Xiangtan 411104, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Jinlong] Cent South Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.;[He, Murong; Xu, Jian; Jia, Chuankun; Fu, Hu; Ding, Mei] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Miao, Zhiqiang] Shouguang Lianmeng Petrochem Co Ltd, Weifang 262700, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Mei Ding] I;[Jinlong Liu] C;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China<&wdkj&>Institute of Energy Storage Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China<&wdkj&>College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
摘要：
Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) with high energy density, long cycle life, flexible design and rapid response have attracted great attention in large-scale energy storage applications. However, the low activity of traditional carbon felt electrodes severely limits its practical implementation. Herein, we report the fabrication of modified carbon felt (CF) by coating defect-rich graphene through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and subsequent Ar plasma treatment as a highly improved electrode (denoted as Ar-GCF) for VRFB. The modification of defect-rich graphene skin can not only expose a large number of graphene edges as highly active sites, but also offers copious oxygen-containing functional groups to improve the electronic conductivity of Ar-GCF and accelerate the VO2+/VO2+ redox, which are demonstrated by both electrochemical measurements and spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations. As a result, the VRFB with Ar-GCF electrode exhibited an improved energy efficiency (EE) by 7.10% compared with that of VRFB using an unmodified CF electrode. Moreover, the Ar-GCF electrode showed excellent stability, with the charge transfer resistance (Rct) increased by merely 15.79% after 800 cycles, while the Rct of CF electrode increased by 102.40% after 600 cycles.
通讯机构：
[Kong, JR ] C;Cent South Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Hunan Prov Key Lab Efficient & Clean Utilizat Mang, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) present substantial potential for use in solid-state lithium batteries; however, their authentic usability is presently curbed by their inadequate ionic conductivity and restricted lithium-ion mobility. Herein, a strategy to enhance the performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) using two-dimensional cobalt-based ultrathin metal-organic framework nanosheet (CMS) with a high aspect ratio is proposed. At a CMS loading of 8 wt%, the obtained CPEs displayed a high ionic conductivity of 6.26 x 10-4 S cm-1 (28 degrees C). In addition, the Li+ transfer number and electrochemical window were significantly improved. At 28 degrees C and 0.1 mA cm-2, the Li symmetric cells exhibited a long lifespan and stable cycling for over 750 h. An assembled all-solid-state Li/LiFePO4 cell displayed an ultrahigh capacity retention of 99.92% after 650 cycles at 0.5C and also demonstrated stable cycling performance at 1C. Moreover, the cycle performance of the Li/NCM811 cells was improved. The working mechanism of the CMS in CPEs was elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These results emphasize that this novel electrolyte has unique characteristics and offers the potential for high-performance use in practical solid-state batteries. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) present substantial potential for use in solid-state lithium batteries; however, their authentic usability is presently curbed by their inadequate ionic conductivity and restricted lithium-ion mobility.
摘要：
The effect of the critical plasma spraying parameters (CPSPs) on thermal shock resistance of plasma-sprayed LaMgAl11O19 coatings with thickness of 800 mu m was investigated. With the CPSPs value decreased from 1.20 to 0.86, thermal cycling lifetime of the LMA coatings increased from 2571 +/- 245 to 3394 +/- 78 cycles during testing at 900 degrees C, while it increased from 300 +/- 79 to 702 +/- 78 cycles during testing at 1100 degrees C. Based on the simulation results, the normal tensile stress S-11 concentrated along the bond coat/top coat interface was decreased from 788.20 to 533.94 MPa with the decreasing CPSPs during the first cycle, while the normal tensile stress S-22 concentrated at the end of the interface reduced from 310.32 to 74.51 MPa after 10 cycles. As a result, the improvement of thermal shock resistance of coating would be attributed to the combined effects of the decrease in tensile stress S-11 and S-22, while the stress accumulation and volume shrinkage induced by the recrystallization of amorphous phase were the main factors of coating failure.
摘要：
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) containing noble metals have been largely explored for various catalytic reactions and demonstrated high activity and chemical stability but are rarely used for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia (NO3-RA) because of their strong tendency towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we developed the N, O trans-coordination strategy to inhibit the HER of carbon nanotube-based Ag SACs (Ag1/ NOCNT) catalyst, thus improving the NH3 production. The Ag1/NOCNT exhibits a record-high ammonia yield rate (YRNH3) of 90 mol h-1 gAg-1, more than two folds of the best-reported SACs using carbon supports, as well as high Faradaic efficiency (FENH3) of 97.9% and optimal electrochemical stability. These excellent performances attribute to the novel trans AgN2O2 configuration, suppressing the HER, optimizing the adsorption of intermediates and facilitating the potential-determining step in NO3- RA. The corresponding plasma-driven nitrogen oxidation and NOx- reduction coupling system presented high YRNH3 of -1.3 mol h-1 g-1 (-41.5 mol h-1 gAg-1) and FENH3 of 85.2%, demonstrating high feasibility for sustainable green NH3 synthesis over specially designed catalytic materials under ambient conditions.
期刊：
Chemical Engineering Journal,2023年461:141951 ISSN：1385-8947
通讯作者：
Tan, Xiaofei(tanxf@hnu.edu.cn)
作者机构：
[Li, Hong; Tan, Xiaofei; Chen, Qiang; Xiang, Ling; Shu, Zihan; Yang, Hailan] Hunan Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China.;[Li, Hong; Tan, Xiaofei; Chen, Qiang; Xiang, Ling; Shu, Zihan; Yang, Hailan] Hunan Univ, Key Lab Environm Biol & Pollut Control, Minist Educ, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Yetao; Qiu, Rongliang] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China.;[Qiu, Rongliang] South China Agr Univ, Coll Nat Resources & Environm, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Agr & Rural Pollut Abatemen, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China.;[Tang, Yetao] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Environm Pollut Control & R, Guangzhou 510275, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xiaofei Tan] C;College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
通讯机构：
[Wenbin Luo; Zisheng Chao] S;School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, China
关键词：
Aluminum ion batteries;ZnSe;SnSe 2 cathode;Heterojunction;Hollow microcubes;Electrochemical performance;Reaction mechanism
摘要：
Advances in cathode material design and understanding of intercalation mechanisms are necessary to improve the overall performance of aluminum ion batteries. Therefore, we designed ZnSe/SnSe2 hollow microcubes with heterojunction structure as a cathode material for aluminum ion batteries. ZnSe/ SnSe2 hollow microcubes with an average size of about 1.4 lm were prepared by selenization of ZnSn (OH)6 microcubes successfully. The shell thickness of ZnSe/SnSe2 hollow microcubes is about 250 nm. On one hand, the hollow cubic structure can effectively alleviate the volume effect, provide shorter ion diffusion paths, and increase the contact area with the electrolyte. On the other hand, ZnSe/SnSe2 heterojunction structure can establish a built-in electric field to facilitate ion transport. The synergistic effect of the two leads to the improved electrochemical performance of ZnSe/SnSe2 as the cathode of aluminum ion batteries. The material delivered a reversible capacity of 124 mAh/g after 150 cycles at a current density of 100 mA/g. Meanwhile, coulombic efficiency remained above 98% in almost all cycles. In addition, the electrochemical reaction mechanism and kinetic process of Al3+ and ZnSe/SnSe2 were studied.(c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
关键词：
(1)O(2);Catalysts;Generation pathways;Identification methods;PMS system
摘要：
Catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation are appealing in the purification of organic wastewater. Singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) is widely recognized as a crucial reactive species for degrading organic contaminants in catalysts/PMS systems due to its adamant resistance to inorganic anions, high selectivity, and broad pH applicability. With the rapid growth of studies on (1)O(2) in catalysts/PMS systems, it becomes necessary to provide a comprehensive review of its current state. This review highlights recent advancements concerning (1)O(2) in catalysts/PMS systems, with a primary focus on generation pathways and identification methods. The generation pathways of (1)O(2) are summarized based on whether (distinguished by the geometric structures of metal species) or not (distinguished by the active sites) the metal element is included in the catalysts. Furthermore, this review thoroughly discusses the influence of metal valence states and metal species with different geometric structures on (1)O(2) generation. Various potential strategies are explored to regulate the generation of (1)O(2) from the perspective of catalyst design. Identification methods of (1)O(2) primarily include electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), quenching experiments, reaction in D(2)O solution, and chemical probe tests in catalysts/PMS systems. The principles and applications of these methods are presented comprehensively along with their applicability, possible disagreements, and corresponding solutions. Besides, an identifying procedure on the combination of main identification methods is provided to evaluate the role of (1)O(2) in catalysts/PMS systems. Lastly, several perspectives for further studies are proposed to facilitate developments of (1)O(2) in catalysts/PMS systems.
