The microstructure of the oxidation layers of 12Cr1MoV steel tube under the high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor was observed by using SEM and the phase structure of the oxide layer was analyzed by energy spectrum and XRD. The results showed that multi-layer oxide films formed in these steel pipes under high temperature and high pressure water vapor condition. The content of O and alloy elements such as Cr and No are greatly different in different layers. The main contents in outer and middle layers were high-Fe Oxide-Me3O4 and in inner la...