Buried flexible pipes are widely employed to transport water, however, its existing structural calculation methods are significantly underestimation both pipe weight and water weight. This study has developed the Spangler model and proposed an innovative calculation method for pipes using theoretical analysis, which takes into account various load effects that arise from different conditions, including empty pipe, water filling, and normal. Furthermore, the applicability of the proposed method has been extensively investigated. The results illustrate that the innovative calculation method inte...
