Vernacular architecture is an important artificial habitat landscape that responds to and evolves with specific natural and social contexts. Although abundant evidence highlights the fragility of vernacular architecture in the urbanization process, in-depth discussion of the resilient manifestations represented by its anonymous evolution is lacking. Liangshuixiu, a courtyard-form vernacular building in Southern Hebei, is taken as the example. This study explored its spontaneous evolution mechanism characterized by the courtyard being covered (C...
