Defects in printed circuit boards (PCBs) can degrade the performance and reliability of electronic devices. Although YOLOv5-based algorithms are commonly used to detect PCB defects, their complex parameters slow down detection speeds on industrial platforms. This paper presents a lightweight, high-performance model for PCB defect detection, called Align Soft-Target Knowledge Distillation PCB Lightweight Defect Detection (ASTKD-PCB-LDD). The model uses the k-means++ algorithm for optimal anchor box selection and the SCYLLA-IoU (SIoU) loss function to improve accuracy in detecting small defects....
