Traffic congestions frequently occur on uphill segments of four-lane freeways in China, which have become typical bottlenecks. Therefore, this paper focuses on the analysis, modeling, and simulation of heterogeneous traffic flow on uphill, in order to understand and eliminate such bottlenecks. The traffic characteristics were obtained from the realistic data, and a cellular automata model for longitudinal driving and lane changing was proposed and validated. The longitudinal driving rules were established based on the Nagel–Scheckenberg model....
