This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 41974212, 41531072, 41674166, and 41774194; the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China grant 2018JJ2425; the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories; and the Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province. The authors are thankful to the Van Allen Probe scientific instrument teams for making their data available to the public.