The welding of steel generates substantial welding residual stress (WRS), which exerts a significant impact on the fatigue life of steel bridges. In this study, a physical model for calculating the fatigue crack growth (FCG) life of welded specimens in the WRS field is established based on the weight function method. Experimental data validates the reliability and precision of the proposed physical model. The impact of WRS on the fatigue life of structural components is scrutinized and analyzed. On this basis, a digital twin (DT) framework driven by a physical-data model is proposed to conside...
