Hydraulic transmission systems (HTSs) are widely used in various industrial fields. With the increase in research on renewable energy and energy-saving technologies, energy regeneration and conversion (ERC) technologies based on HTSs, including potential energy regeneration, braking energy regeneration, vibration energy acquisition and power take-off (PTO), have attracted increasing attention. First, this review briefly explains the main concepts of ERC technologies based on HTSs and applications; then their working principles are analysed. As ...