The authors are thankful to the MMS team for making their data available to the public (https://lasp.colorado.edu/ mms/sdc/public). We thank the software development teams for SPEDAS (http://themis.ssl.berkeley. edu/software.shtml). This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 41504125, 41531072, 41674166, and 41774194; the China Scholarship Council; the Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province; and the Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province. Work at UTD is supported by the AFOSR grant of FA9550-16-1-0344.