To investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of pile groups in high-pile wharf foundations,this study conducted three-dimensional numerical simulation of the turbulent flow field around a 3×3 pile group array with incoming flow velocities ranging from 0.25 m/s to 1.50 m/s by using Flow-3D software.The results indicate that high-velocity zones form on both sides of the piles,and the extent of these zones tends to expand as the incoming flow velocity increases.The recirculation zone behind the upstream pile is larger,while the recirculation z...
