To enhance service quality, many service areas have introduced fast-charging stations for electric vehicles (EVs). However, these stations often demand substantial charging loads, primarily supplied by traditional energy sources, leading to increased carbon emissions and costs. Therefore, establishing a low-carbon, economical, and energy-efficient energy supply system for highway service area charging stations has become imperative. This involves optimizing the configuration of photovoltaic (PV) systems and energy storage to minimize carbon emissions while maximizing economic benefits and clea...
