Many materials in practical engineering exhibit completely different mechanical properties under tension and compression, such as reinforced concrete materials and fiber-reinforced polymers, etc. However, the existing structural design methods usually assume that the mechanical responses of material structures under tensile and compressive loads are the same (i.e. Symmetrical tension and compression characteristics). Considering that the loads are deterministic, the obtained design results may not meet the service requirements and could potentially cause catastrophic damage. This paper propose...
