We investigate the influence of age structure and gender on air pollution, dividing the age structure into four groups and use CO 2 emissions as a measure of air pollution, which can be separated into four categories to obtain more complete findings, then employing panel cointegration techniques and panel-based error correction models. The data are collected from 29 OECD and 40 non-OECD countries in the period 1990-2014. For case of total CO 2 emissions, younger (people under 30) and older people (people 65 and above) emit less than people in t...