Space division multiplexing elastic optical networks (SDM-EONs) is a promising solution to enhance the transmission capacity of optical networks. However, physical layer impairments (PLIs) degrade the service's quality of transmission (QoT). Additionally, service-differentiated spectrum demand leads to spectrum fragmentation, which is further aggravated by strict PLI constraints. Therefore, we propose a routing, core and spectrum allocation algorithm based on dynamic quantitative impairments for low fragmentation (QISEN-LowSF) in SDM-EONs. This algorithm quantitatively analysis multiple impair...
