Decentralized coordination between smart grids and smart prosumers in local energy markets is crucial for operators, as it enables optimal utilization of prosumer capacities to enhance economic and environmental performance. This paper introduces an advanced bi-level optimization model for managing local energy markets within smart grids, taking into account the dynamic interactions of smart prosumers, including energy hubs and Electric Vehicle Parking Facilities (EVPFs). The upper level of the model represents individual prosumers, focusing on minimizing daily operational costs through decent...
