Sharding is a promising technique for increasing a blockchain system's throughput by enabling parallel transaction processing. The main challenge of state sharding lies in ensuring the atomicity verification of cross-sharding transactions, which results in double communication overhead and increases the transaction's confirmation time. Previous research has primarily focused on developing cross-shard protocols for the fast and reliable validation of transactions involving multiple shards. These studies typically generate a large number of cross-shard transactions because they primarily use sim...
