This paper presents an energy selective surface (ESS) for high-power microwave (HPM) protection in waveguide, which has a nonlinear transmission response and can adaptively react to the power intensity of an incident wave. A prototype of four unit cells loaded with p-i-n diodes is designed and fabricated in L -band. The nonlinear and adaptive transmission characteristics are demonstrated by the waveguide measurements both in the time domain and frequency domain. On condition of signal power below 35 dBm, the wave in the interested band can prop...
