PurposeNanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is increasingly used to enhance the immobilization of cadmium (Cd) in paddy soil, but its application has limitations by various inherent disadvantages, such as easy passivation, agglomeration, and poor electron transfer. To overcome the drawback, biochar-supported sulfidized nZVI (S-nZVI/BC) was synthesized and added into Cd-contaminated paddy soil to investigate its immobilization performance and remediation mechanisms for Cd.Materials and methodsThe synthesized materials were characterized by various techniques such as SEM, TEM, XPS, and FTIR. Sequen...
