Developing smart transportation and advocating green transportation are the main directions of future transportation development. In recent years, with the rapid development of intelligent structures and intelligent materials, a variety of energy harvesting technologies in road environment have gradually become a research hotspot. However, due to the low energy conversion efficiency and high cost, the application of some energy harvesting technologies is limited. Among them, vibration energy capture technology based on piezoelectric effect has been widely concerned by scholars because it does ...