The influence research of complementarities of electric vehicles and distributed energy on grid spinning reserve capacity and peak regulation
作者:
Xu, Ziheng* ;Ma, Rui;Li, Shukui
期刊:
Advanced Materials Research ,2013年608-609:1623-1626 ISSN:1022-6680
通讯作者:
Xu, Ziheng
作者机构:
[Xu, Ziheng; Li, Shukui; Ma, Rui] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Elect & Informat Engn, Changsha 410114, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Xu, Ziheng] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Elect & Informat Engn, Changsha 410114, Hunan, Peoples R China.
会议名称:
2nd International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (EESD 2012)
会议时间:
OCT 12-14, 2012
会议地点:
Jilin, PEOPLES R CHINA
会议主办单位:
[Xu, Ziheng;Ma, Rui;Li, Shukui] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Elect & Informat Engn, Changsha 410114, Hunan, Peoples R China.
会议论文集名称:
Advanced Materials Research
关键词:
Chance-constrained programming;Electric vehicles;Peak regulation;Small hydro and wind power;Spinning reserve capacity
摘要:
This paper raises a model which concerns about spinning reserve capacity of output and predicted error based on chance-constrained programming. The distribution function is established on the load demand of electric vehicles. Considering the complementarities of electric vehicles and small hydro and wind power generations, this paper constructs a dispatch model on the participation of electric vehicles in reserve capacity and peak regulation. Joint operation of different units in the system achieved by genetic algorithm examines the influence from joint dispatch of electric vehicles and small hydro and wind power generations on spinning reserve capacity and peak regulation plan, setting different values of confidence to make comparison of electric charge in the entire system. According to the real operation statistics of an electric company in a certain province, the reliability and accuracy of the model was guaranteed.
语种:
英文
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校企合作模式下的实践教学质量评价指标体系研究
作者:
马瑞;陈元新;何纯芳;曾祥君;曾洁
期刊:
中国电力教育 ,2013年(22):154-156 ISSN:1007-0079
作者机构:
长沙理工大学电气与信息工程学院,湖南长沙,410004
关键词:
校企合作;实践教学质量;指标体系
摘要:
针对目前实践教学质量评价存在的问题,结合校企合作基地的实践教学建设,基于层次分析法构建了科学、全面的校企合作模式下的实践教学质量评价指标体系,从而为校企合作基地实践教学工作的完善提供理论依据和决策支持,以达到培养出卓越工程技术人才的教学目标。
语种:
中文
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综合考虑风电及负荷不确定性影响的电力系统经济调度
作者:
马瑞;熊龙珠
期刊:
电力科学与技术学报 ,2012年27(3):41-46 ISSN:1673-9140
作者机构:
长沙理工大学电气与信息工程学院,湖南长沙,410004;[熊龙珠; 马瑞] 长沙理工大学
关键词:
电力系统;机组组合;风力发电;经济调度;遗传算法
摘要:
提出一种考虑风电出力和负荷不确定性的电力系统经济调度新方法.通过风速威布尔参数预测,在机组组合经济调度模型的功率平衡约束中考虑风电和负荷不确定性;提出一种利用个体间交叉、变异、复制与在子种群问移民思想和初始种群区间化的改进遗传算法对模型进行求解;综合研究风电;乔确定性、穿透水平和负荷不确定性对电力系统常规火电机组经济调度的影响。一个包含4台常规火电机组和1台等值风电机组的算例系统测试结果验证了所提模型和算法的有效性.
语种:
中文
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基于模糊综合评判的火电厂节能状态评估
作者:
徐贵林;罗斌;马瑞
期刊:
电力科学与技术学报 ,2012年27(1):86-90 ISSN:1673-9140
作者机构:
河北西柏坡发电有限公司,河北平山,050400;长沙理工大学电气与信息工程学院,湖南长沙,410004;[罗斌; 马瑞] 长沙理工大学;[徐贵林] 河北西柏坡发电有限责任公司
关键词:
电厂节能;层次分析法(AHP);隶属度函数;模糊综合评判
摘要:
为了对火电厂节能状态进行考评,提出一种用于火电厂节能状态评估的模糊综合评判模型和方法.采用两级评判法进行评估,首先对影响电厂节能状态的三大因素(煤水耗指标、涡轮指标、汽轮机指标)及其子因素进行分析,用半梯形隶属度函数对历史数据进行处理,构建一级评判矩阵;并重点研究分析层次分析法(AHP)的原理及其计算过程,得出权重向量,用二级评判模型计算出电厂节能状态综合评判的最终结果.以某火电厂为例完成了节能状态的模糊综合评判,验证了模糊综合评判模型和方法的有效性.
语种:
中文
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基于电力系统负荷变动速率的美国得州ERCOT短期负荷预测
作者:
Ma, Rui;Jiang, Fei;Huang, Garng M
期刊:
电力自动化设备 ,2012年32(2):81-84 ISSN:1006-6047
通讯作者:
Ma, R.(marui818@126.com)
作者机构:
[Ma, Rui; Jiang, Fei] College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410076, China;[Huang, Garng M] Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
通讯机构:
[Ma, R.] C;College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, China
关键词:
电力系统;负荷预测;负荷变动速率;统计;数据
摘要:
基于大量历史负荷数据,研究负荷数据曲线的变化性,并提出了负荷变动速率(RLF)与速率影响因子(IFR)概念。通过对ERCOT数据的分析,总结得出了得克萨斯州用电特点和相同时段内RLF的相似性。依据对RLF的历史数据统计分析,得出经验RLF值,并结合用电负荷的实时数据对短期负荷做出修正与准确预测。该方法可以应用在短期负荷预测系统及对区域中长期用电负荷变化规律的总结上。
语种:
中文
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Impact analysis of wind generation on voltage stability and system load margin
作者:
Ma, Rui* ;Huang, Garng M.
期刊:
Proceedings of the American Control Conference ,2011年:4166-4171 ISSN:0743-1619
通讯作者:
Ma, Rui
作者机构:
[Ma, Rui] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Changsha 410076, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Garng M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
通讯机构:
[Ma, Rui] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Changsha 410076, Hunan, Peoples R China.
会议名称:
American Control Conference (ACC)
会议时间:
JUN 29-JUL 01, 2011
会议地点:
San Francisco, CA
会议主办单位:
[Ma, Rui] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Changsha 410076, Hunan, Peoples R China.^[Huang, Garng M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Elect Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
会议论文集名称:
Proceedings of the American Control Conference
关键词:
Weibull distribution;Wind power generation;continuation power flow (CPF);power flow analysis;stability margin;stochastic and intermittent of wind speed;voltage stability
摘要:
Due to the environmental concerns and induced political incentives, wind power penetration has been increasing in many countries around the world. However, wind power generation is very different from conventional power generation due to stochastic and intermittent nature of the wind. The wind power may not be available or generating the demanded amount as needed. Thus, these mandates to promote wind power need to be balanced by studies on their impacts on power system operations and control. However, new approach is needed to properly quantify the voltage stability of power system. Accordingly, this paper addresses the modeling of the stochastic and intermittent wind generation and its use to predict the associated stability margin in terms of system load margin. To model the variation nature of stochastic and intermittent wind power injection as the load increases, we propose to use the Weibull distribution of wind speed to model the intermittent factor. The slip of asynchronous wind generators is introduced as a new state variable, and thus new power balance equations including the slip as a state variable are formulated. The balance between the average electromechanical power conversion and mechanical power of wind turbines is utilized to incorporate wind stochastic and intermittent uncertainty. As a first step, we investigate the impacts of the wind generation on static power flows. In terms nonlinear control terminology, we are investigating the stochastic nature of the equilibrium points associated with the uncertainty of the wind generation. Accordingly, we derive a novel sensitivity index of voltage stability considering the stochastic and intermittent nature of wind speed through the slip effect, using the Jacobian matrix for the newly formulated power flow equations. In addition, the probabilistic stability margins in terms of load for various wind speed distribution and penetration are investigated by use of the proposed CPF and Monte Carlo method. The proposed methods are illustrated on the IEEE 39-bus system and the results show that the stochastic and intermittent wind power injection will significantly affect the stability margin and its slip. ©2011 AACC American Automatic Control Council.
语种:
英文
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基于蒙特卡罗随机选线最优潮流的电压崩溃临界点算法
作者:
马瑞;袁文伟
期刊:
电力系统保护与控制 ,2011年39(2):65-69 ISSN:1674-3415
通讯作者:
Ma, R.
作者机构:
[袁文伟; 马瑞] School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410076, China
通讯机构:
[Ma, R.] S;School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, China
关键词:
蒙特卡罗方法;随机最优潮流;概率约束;系统极限负荷;电压崩溃临界点;蒙特卡罗随机选线
摘要:
提出了基于蒙特卡罗随机选线最优潮流的电压崩溃临界点算法。在最优潮流的基础上,融入蒙特卡罗随机选线以及基于负荷预测的负荷正态分布,以系统能够承受的最大负荷为目标函数,对由负荷的不确定性导致的变量随机性建立起相应的机会约束规划,采用非线性规划方法对目标函数进行优化,直接求得满足某一概率约束下的系统最大负荷。以IEEE3机9节点系统为例进行仿真,研究负荷分布和蒙特卡罗随机抽样下的支路切除对电力系统电压崩溃点的影响,计算出不同情况下的电压崩溃临界点,以此检验此模型的有效性。
语种:
中文
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Power system scheduling and reserve and peak load program on the influence of random power paralleling in
作者:
Li, S.* ;Ma, R.
期刊:
,2011年:4014-4017
通讯作者:
Li, S.
作者机构:
Changsha University of Science AndTechnology, Institute of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha, 410114, Hunan Province, China
通讯机构:
Changsha University of Science AndTechnology, Institute of Electrical and Information Engineering, China
关键词:
forecast error;peak load;power system scheduling;rand power;reserve
摘要:
Compared with conventional power generation, random energy such as Wind power, small hydropower, etc has the advantage of less pollution and no coal consumption, but it's intermittent and uncertainty will bring a certain extent to the economic dispatch, reserve and peak load program when the random power parallel in the grid. The paper considers the characteristics of random power, based on genetic algorithm optimizes scheduling model, improves reserve and peak load program. © 2011 IEEE.
语种:
英文
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基于最小二乘支持向量机的机组能耗曲线拟合
作者:
马瑞;钟凯
期刊:
长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版) ,2011年8(1):36-40 ISSN:1672-9331
作者机构:
长沙理工大学,电气与信息工程学院,湖南,长沙,410004;[钟凯; 马瑞] 长沙理工大学
关键词:
电厂能耗;模糊聚类;最小二乘支持向量机;曲线拟合
摘要:
电厂能耗曲线的拟合不仅是进行机组优化的前提,而且对于检测机组的稳定性和可靠性都具有重要意义.首先用模糊聚类算法对大量数据进行分类整理,从中找出最能反映机组稳定运行时的一些数据,然后利用最小二乘支持向量机回归理论对能耗曲线进行拟合.通过对贵州某电厂的能耗曲线进行实际拟合,表明此方法速度快,误差小,拟合精度高,可以满足实际需求.
语种:
中文
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A new model and algorithm in power system economic dispatching with fluctuating load and wind power
作者:
Xiong, L.* ;Ma, R.
期刊:
,2011年:4283-4286
通讯作者:
Xiong, L.
作者机构:
Changsha University of Science and Technology., School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Chasha, 410114, Hunan Province, China
通讯机构:
Changsha University of Science and Technology., School of Electrical and Information Engineering, China
关键词:
economic dispatch;genetic algorithm (GA);power system;wind power generation
摘要:
This paper proposed a consideration of the load and stochastic property of wind energy in power system economic dispatch method. The load constraint at different periods is introduced in optimized model, load forecasting is no longer a single value, but considering a range of load forecast date at different period. And the optimized model is used in calculating the required initial population in order to response to the impact of load forecast deviation to system dispatching. Based on the full utilization of wind energy, the power output of thermal unit was optimized to obtain an economic dispatch scheme. The traditional literature only discussed the improvement for crossover and mutation individuals. Using the idea of combining crossover, mutation, reproduction and individual migration between sub-populations to improve the genetic algorithm, and solve the optimization model. The optimization model of a power system consisting of four thermal power generation units and one equivalent wind power generation unit is performed; the example testing results indicates the feasibility of the proposed method. © 2011 IEEE.
语种:
英文
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Comprehensive benefits assessment of demand response considers corporate social performance
作者:
Youyou Zhang;Rui Ma
期刊:
,2011年:4416-4418
通讯作者:
Zhang, Y.
作者机构:
Changsha University of Science and Technology, Institute of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha 410114, Hunan Province, China;Changsha University of Science and Technology, Institute of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha 410076, Hunan Province, China
通讯机构:
Changsha University of Science and Technology, Institute of Electrical and Information Engineering, China
关键词:
Corporate Social Performance (CSP);Demand Response (DR);Smart Grid
摘要:
Nowadays, Demand Response (DR) comprehensive benefits assessments focuses on the economic benefits but overview the consideration of social benefits. The paper based on the contacts of DR and Corporate Social Performance (CSP), assessing the comprehensive benefits of DR projects from the CSP perspective of power companies, showing the conclusion that DR project can be effectively promoted by combining with CSP model, and proposing the ideas of DR construction with CSP model. © 2011 IEEE.
语种:
英文
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Power system load dynamic characteristics identification based on Elman neural network
作者:
Liao, B.* ;Ma, R.
期刊:
,2011年:4010-4013
通讯作者:
Liao, B.
作者机构:
Changsha University of Science and Technology, Institute of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha 410114, Hunan Province, China
通讯机构:
Changsha University of Science and Technology, Institute of Electrical and Information Engineering, China
关键词:
Elman neural network;load dynamic characteristics;power system;system identification
摘要:
This paper analyzed and expounded the defects in the BP neural network is used to identify dynamic characteristics of power system load, this article introduces one kind has the function of dynamic feedback in Elman neural network load model, and this model has simple structure, convenient, few parameters, application of dynamic characteristics described and comprehensive load identification, so this article discusses the application of Elman neural network identification the dynamic characteristic of electrical load, and analyses identification process problems should be paid attentioned. The application shows that the identification method is useful and practical. © 2011 IEEE.
语种:
英文
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基于PID控制器的超导储能装置抑制风速和故障扰动下风电场功率波动
作者:
周志飞;马瑞
期刊:
长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版) ,2009年6(4):47-51 ISSN:1672-9331
作者机构:
长沙理工大学,电气与信息工程学院,湖南,长沙,410004
关键词:
风力发电系统;超导储能;四分法风速;比例-积分-微分
摘要:
因风速的随机性和间断性会给电网带来不稳定因素,为了降低风电场并网对系统稳定的影响,首先建立双馈感应风力发电机和超导储能装置的数学模型;然后合理设计功率解耦的比例-积分-微分超导磁储能控制器抑制功率波动,从而平滑风电场的输出功率;最后基于Matlab 中Simulink,对含6台单机容量为1 500 kW的双馈感应风力发电机组成的风电场进行仿真研究.仿真结果表明,该控制策略的超导储能装置能够降低四分法风速和单相短路接地故障对电网电压的冲击.
语种:
中文
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超导储能装置改善故障扰动下风电场的电压稳定性研究
作者:
周志飞;马瑞
作者机构:
长沙理工大学 电气与信息工程学院 湖南 长沙 410076
会议名称:
中国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第二十五届学术年会
会议时间:
2009-10-01
会议地点:
长沙
会议论文集名称:
中国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第二十五届学术年会论文集
关键词:
风力发电系统;超导储能;风电场;电压稳定性
摘要:
风速的随机性和间断性会给电网带来不稳定因素。为降低风电场并网对系统稳定的影响,文中先建立双馈感应风力发电机和超导储能装置的数学模型,然后合理设计功率解耦的比例–积分–微分超导磁储能控制器抑制功率波动,从而平滑风电场的输出功率。最后基于MATLAB中Simulink对含6台单机容量为1500KW的双馈感应风力发电机组成的风电场进行仿真研究,仿真结果表明该控制策略的超导储能装置能够降低四分法风速和单相短路接地故障对电网电压的冲击。
语种:
中文
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考虑风速特性的动态电压崩溃指标
作者:
马瑞;周志飞;徐慧明;徐晓东
期刊:
电力科学与技术学报 ,2009年24(2):41-46 ISSN:1673-9140
作者机构:
长沙理工大学电气与信息工程学院;[徐慧明] 国网信息通信有限公司;[徐晓东] 甘肃省秦安县电力局;[马瑞; 周志飞] 长沙理工大学
关键词:
风力发电系统;动态电压崩溃指标;相量测量单元;四分法风速
摘要:
基于四分法划分的风速模型和简化风力发电系统传输线路模型,考虑3阶双馈异步风力发电机的转差率和风电机注入系统功率的随机性,推导出电压崩溃指标.根据指标测量值与临界值之间的距离判定系统接近电压崩溃的程度;投入SVC补偿可提高该指标,即提高系统电压崩溃的预防能力.最后以配电网系统中接入单台风力发电机为例,基于MATLAB 的Simulink对风速、滑差和动态电压崩溃指标进行仿真,仿真结果验证了该指标的有效性和实用性.
语种:
中文
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含风电场并考虑风速随机性的电力系统电压控制区域划分
作者:
马瑞;蒋斌
期刊:
长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版) ,2008年5(3):71-77 ISSN:1672-9331
作者机构:
长沙理工大学,电气与信息工程学院,湖南,长沙,410076
关键词:
风力发电;威布尔分布;雅可比矩阵;电压控制区域;参与因子
摘要:
提出了一种含风电场并考虑风速随机性的电力系统电压控制区域划分方法.根据风速的威布尔分布,推导出风力机的平均机械功率.考虑风力发电机滑差为状态量、风力发电机平均机械功率与电磁功率平衡,建立含风电场的潮流方程.基于系统的雅可比矩阵中有功和无功对电压幅值偏导数的子矩阵之和进行电压控制区域划分.采用最小特征值的方法计算节点的参与因子,从而判断出电压容易失稳的区域.最后以新英格兰10机39节点为例进行仿真,证明了本文方法的有效性和可行性.
语种:
中文
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基于潮流转移因子的电力系统连锁跳闸风险评估
作者:
马瑞;陶俊娜;徐慧明
期刊:
电力系统自动化 ,2008年32(12):17-21 ISSN:1000-1026
通讯作者:
Ma, R.(marui818@126.com)
作者机构:
[马瑞; 陶俊娜] Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410076, China;[马瑞] State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipment, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;[徐慧明] State Grid Information and Telecommunication Co. Ltd., Beijing 100761, China
通讯机构:
[Ma, R.] C;Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410076, China
关键词:
连锁跳闸;风险评估;潮流转移因子;最优潮流;电力系统
摘要:
提出了一种基于潮流转移因子的电力系统连锁跳闸风险评估方法.在基于最优潮流交易的基础上,应用潮流转移因子对支路切除后的潮流转移情况进行预测,考虑潮流转移后支路电流不确定性建立后备保护动作概率模型,用首条支路故障概率和下条支路后备保护动作概率之积描述连锁跳闸的可能性指标,以连锁跳闸后是否切负荷将风险严重性进行分级,然后分别以连锁跳闸后系统购电费用增幅和切负荷费用为严重性指标,从而得到特定交易下支路连锁跳闸风险值,获得高风险连锁跳闸的支路路径信息,为制定交易计划和防范风险提供决策支持信息.IEEE 10机39节点系统算例仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.
语种:
中文
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考虑SVC的电力系统小干扰电压稳定性分析
作者:
蒋斌;马瑞;周志飞
期刊:
电力科学与技术学报 ,2008年23(4):67-71 ISSN:1673-9140
作者机构:
长沙理工大学,电气与信息工程学院,湖南,长沙,410004;[蒋斌; 马瑞; 周志飞] 长沙理工大学
关键词:
电压稳定;小干扰;参与因子;电压失稳系数
摘要:
基于模式参与因子,提出一种新的电压失稳系数计算方法。考虑SVC的无功补偿作用对小干扰稳定性系统的影响,当系统达到临界电压稳定状态时,计算系统的模式参与因子以及该模式下节点的电压失稳系数,分析系统局部模式下的电压不稳定因素,得到系统小干扰电压稳定的薄弱节点,从而通过调整SVC的安装点或者增装SVC,使得系统达到电压稳定。以新英格兰10机39节点为例,仿真验证了SVC对提高电压稳定性的作用,表明基于参与因子的新电压失稳系数能准确判断小干扰电压稳定的薄弱环节.
语种:
中文
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考虑SVC影响的电力系统多目标交易计划
作者:
袁翔;马瑞
期刊:
电力科学与技术学报 ,2007年22(4):6-10 ISSN:1673-9140
作者机构:
长沙理工大学,电气与信息工程学院,湖南,长沙,410076;[袁翔; 马瑞] 长沙理工大学
关键词:
电力市场;多目标优化;最优潮流;静止无功补偿器;交易计划
摘要:
提出一种基于最优潮流、计及SVC影响,同时考虑经济效益和环境效益的电力系统多目标交易计划模型.首先对各单目标确定性模型求解,得到目标函数值,其次对目标值进行一定程度的伸缩,并定义目标隶属度函数,将确定性问题模糊化.接着采用最大满意度法将多目标问题转化为单目标问题,然后采用非线性规划方法求解,得到新的潮流结果.仿真结果验证了算法的有效性.
语种:
中文
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Multiobjective optimal dispatch in power system with TCSC and load voltage characteristic using fuzzy sets theory
作者:
Ma, Rui* ;Yan, Hongwen
期刊:
Proceedings of the World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA) ,2006年2:7562-7566
通讯作者:
Ma, Rui
作者机构:
[Ma, Rui] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Power Engn, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yan, Hongwen] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp & Commun, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Ma, Rui] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Power Engn, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
会议名称:
6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation
会议时间:
JUN 21-23, 2006
会议地点:
Dalian, PEOPLES R CHINA
会议主办单位:
[Ma, Rui] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Elect Power Engn, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.^[Yan, Hongwen] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Comp & Commun, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Fuzzy sets theory;Interior point method Power system;Multiobjective optimal power flow;TCSC
摘要:
This paper presents a multi-objective optimal dispatch model based on optimal power flow with the Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and load static voltage characteristic. The proposed model Is formulated as multi-objective optimal power flow (MOPF) problem with competing pool purchase cost, pollution emission and active power losses impact objectives. The minimize of the pool purchase cost, pollution emission and active power losses are solved individually In order to define the membership function of objective, then, the multi-objective problem Is reformulated Into a new standard nonlinear problem by the fuzzy sets theory and max-min operator, finally, it is solved by interior point method and the results that match with multiobjective problem is gained. The effect of TCSC on the optimal dispatch is also investigated in this paper. The test results show that the proposed model more match with the power system operation and can ensure the multi-factor impartiality of Generation Company. The test results also show that incorporation of TCSC can not only utilize the existing lines, but also change the results of optimal dispatch of power system. ©2006 IEEE.
语种:
英文
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