期刊：
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2024年220:124949 ISSN：0017-9310
通讯作者：
Zhao, J
作者机构：
[Zhou, Caiting; Han, Jinchi; Cheng, Xinxuan; Zhao, Jing; Zhao, J] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Changsha 410114, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Jian, Qifei] South China Univ Technol, Sch Mech & Automot Engn, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Chao] BTR New Mat Grp Co Ltd, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhao, J ] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Changsha 410114, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell;Thermal management;Vapor chamber;Heat transfer enhancement;Experimental study
摘要：
Proper thermal management is the key to the efficient and safe operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this study, a novel vapor chamber was designed and experimentally tested to verify its potential application for proton exchange membrane fuel cell cooling. The thermal management design scheme of proton exchange membrane fuel cells based on vapor chambers was introduced, and the influence of structural parameters on the theoretical maximum heat transfer of the vapor chamber was discussed. Based on theoretical analysis, a vapor chamber matching the structural characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells was designed and manufactured, and the influence of heat load, tilt angle, and cooling water flow rate on the heat transfer performance of the vapor chamber was investigated experimentally. The results showed that the designed vapor chamber had excellent thermal dispersion performance and temperature equalization ability. When the heat load was less than 35 W, the maximum temperature of the vapor chamber was always less than 33 degrees C, and the thermal resistance was less than 0.2 degrees C/W. The tilt angle affected the capillary limit of the vapor chamber, and then significantly affected the thermal performance of the vapor chamber. In addition, the results also indicated that increasing the cooling water flow rate led to an increase in the temperature difference and thermal resistance of the vapor chamber, but this effect was relatively limited. The results of this study will provide a new idea and reference for the efficient thermal management of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
摘要：
High latent heat phase change materials (PCMs) have limited applications due to the inherent disadvantages of leakage and low thermal conductivity. Natural minerals are abundant and inexpensive and can be used as support materials to improve the thermo-physical performance of PCMs. In this work, microcrystalline graphitecoupled carbon matrices (MG0, MG1, MG2, MG3) were constructed using the template method with the ratio of sodium chloride and glucose as variables. Four composite PCMs (LA/MG0, LA/MG1, LA/MG2, LA/MG3) based on the corresponding four types of matrices and lauric acid (LA) PCM were prepared by vacuum impregnation method. Results show that the loading capacity of the composite improved after adding NaCl template particles, but it will not obviously improve further as the NaCl content increases due to the pore structure. It was obtained that the LA/MG1 composite, among other composites, has the highest loading capacity of 83.6 % and the highest melting latent heat and cooling latent heat of 133.9 J center dot g 1 and 130 J center dot g 1, respectively. Its corresponding thermal conductivity is 2.55 times higher than that of LA. The LA/MG3 composite has the highest photo-thermal conversion efficiency of 94.0 % under the simulated light condition, which reflects the excellent photo-thermal conversion performance. This also means that the composite has potential in both solar thermal energy conversion and thermal energy storage.
摘要：
An additively manufactured (AM) FeNiCoCr-based multicomponent alloy (MCA) with prominent cellular dislocation structures was produced using the laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) method. Creep tests were conducted on the alloy at a high temperature of 650 degrees C by a tensile stress of similar to 100 MPa for more than 100 h, and a significantly low creep strain of less than similar to 0.023 was attained at the end of the test. It is found that the cellular dislocation structures exhibit high thermal stability and stabilize the dislocation networks at elevated temperatures, inducing considerable obstructions against plastic flows and accordingly inhibiting the dislocation-mediated creep deformation. Combined with the instinct of sluggish diffusion effects of MCAs, the LPBF-printed alloy possesses exceptional creep resistance compared with its counterparts produced via conventional casting methods. This work provides a new strategy for developing advanced structural materials for high-temperature service environments, through rationally designing thermally stable cell structures of AM-produced alloys.
摘要：
To prepare a base layer of thermal insulation for the surface of wind turbine blades, we utilized SiO2 aerogel material with a nanoporous structure as the thermal insulation layer of an inorganic composite photothermal de-icing coating. We further investigated the influence of raw material ratio and process on the thermal insulation layer's performance. By adjusting the process parameters, the microstructure and characteristics of the SiO2 aerogel thermal insulation coating were controlled. Microstructure scanning and EDS analysis were employed to assess the results. The results of the experiment suggest that, as opposed to brush coating, atomized spraying is a better technique for creating SiO2 aerogel thermal insulation coating. The coating possesses excellent mechanical stability and applicability, maintaining a coating wear rate within 5% after 20 wear cycles under a load of 1734 N/m(2), and the coating achieves the highest class 0 surface adhesion to the substrate surface. The coating exhibits exceptional heat insulation performance, reaching a temperature of 32.7 degrees C after five spraying cycles, which is 20.0 similar to 29.4 degrees C higher than the surface without producing a complete heat insulation layer. The SiO2 aerogel aqueous slurry has a viscosity of 31.3 similar to 36.9 mPa center dot s, which is capable of forming a uniform membrane surface when sprayed at a 60 degrees angle at 0.95 MPa pressure. Consequently, this paper's design of photothermal thermal insulation offers strong anti-abrasion and excellent thermal insulation, presenting a new avenue for scientific investigation into coating photothermal de-icing.
期刊：
Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing,2024年174:108186 ISSN：1369-8001
通讯作者：
Chen, JL
作者机构：
[Zhao, Wei; Peng, Zhuoyin; Chen, Jianlin; Zhang, Yu; Yang, Ruoxi; Chen, Shu; Wu, Zihan; Ye, Wenxia; Chen, Jian] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Gong, Li] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, JL ] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Electron transport layer;ZnO nanorod arrays;Light-trapping;Electrodeposition;Perovskite solar cells
摘要：
Zinc oxide nanorod arrays (ZnO NRAs) have been previously introduced as electron transport layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their high electron mobility and unique textured morphology. However, the presence of hydroxyl and oxygen vacancies on the surface of bare intrinsic ZnO NRAs may act as defect centers leading to carrier nonradiative recombination and the device photovoltaic performance degradation. Here, we propose a mutilayer SnO2/Al-doped ZnO nanorod arrays/SnO2 (SnO2/AZO NRAs/SnO2) composite to be utilized as ETL of all-inorganic CsPbBr3 PSCs. The influence of AZO NRAs with various Al ion (Al3+) doping content on the performance of CsPbBr3 PSCs was explored. The hole-free carbon-based CsPbBr3 PSCs with an architecture of FTO/SnO2/AZO NRAs/SnO2/CsPbBr3/carbon based on 1 at% AZO NRAs exhibited the best photovoltaic performance with a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.11 %, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.46 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 6.88 mA/cm2, and fill factor (FF) of 71.1 %, compared with the bare intrinsic ZnO-based counterpart with a PCE of 3.45 %, Voc of 0.80 V, Jsc of 8.46 mA/cm2, and FF of 51 %, respectively. The photovoltaic performance enhancement can be atrributed to enhanced light collection and electron extraction capability, with lower open-circuit voltage loss and more suitable interface band alighment. It is notable that the AZO NRAs were prepared by a facile electrodeposition approach to obtain large-area textured ETLs. This strategy may also be applicable to the photovoltaic performance improvemet of all types of PSCs.
期刊：
International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2024年195 ISSN：1290-0729
通讯作者：
Zhao, B
作者机构：
[Peng, Qi; Yi, Ping; Zhao, Bin; Wang, Qiong; Shi, Er; Jiang, Changwei] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhao, B ] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Hierarchically micro/nano structure;Gradient pore;Bubble behavior;Boiling heat transfer enhancement;Laser structuring
摘要：
In this work, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of hierarchically micro/nano-structured surfaces with biomimetic honeycomb-like gradient pores. Working fluid was HFE-7100 dielectric fluid. The structured surface was fabricated on a silicon substate with femtosecond laser orthogonal scanning processing. A smooth surface and a nano-porous surface were also investigated to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the performance differences and to elucidate the main mechanisms for heat transfer enhancement. The hierarchically porous surface demonstrated a significant reduction in the inception temperature at a liquid subcooling of 35 K, from 16.2 K to 6.6 K, compared to a smooth surface. Additionally, the enhancements in the heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux increased 310.9% and 247.3%, respectively. The findings showed that the hierarchical structure with gradient pores led to enhanced heat transfer performance, attributed to increased nucleate sites, reduced bubble departure diameter, higher departure frequency, improved rewetting ability, and the induction of micro-convection. Furthermore, an interesting phenomenon of vapor bubble-bubble penetration was observed during the growth stage, which was motivated by microbubble emission from the heated surface and can be considered as a contributing factor to the enhanced heat transfer on the hierarchical porous surface during subcooled pool boiling.
摘要：
In the present paper, a numerical and experimental study is implemented to analyze the melting behavior of a Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System (LHTES) in a horizontal cylinder with using paraffin 27 as the Phase Change Materials (PCM). By varying the internal diameter and wall temperature of the horizontal cylinder, the liquid fraction and mean heat transfer coefficient are adopted to evaluate the effect of Stefan number (Ste) and Grashof number (Gr) on the phase change process of PCM. The results indicate that both the effect of wall temperature and internal diameter on the melting process is significant. Furthermore., the dimensionless analysis results show that the heat flux decreases monotonically during the whole melting period when Ste number less than 0.093, this means that the natural convection cannot significantly promote the melting process of PCM. It is found that increasing the Grashof number from 2.28 x 104 to 1.54 x 105 with a constant Stefan number enhances the heat transfer, also for a constant Grashof number the PCM melts at a faster melting rate when the Stefan number increases from 0.046 to 0.313. Besides, with the Gr number increasing by 97 % and 238 % while the Ste number stays constant, the melting rate with respect to the dimensionless time (Ste center dot Fo) is increased by 19 % and 31 %; by contrast, with the Ste number increasing by 73 % and 239 % while the Gr number stays constant, the melting period is decreased by 50 % and 76 %. Finally, correlations for the melt fraction and Nusselt number (Nu) with a combination of the Fourier, Grashof and Stefan numbers are developed for designing the LHTES appropriately.
摘要：
Cobalt -free Ni-rich layered oxides have become the most promising cathode candidates owing to their high capacity and environment -friendly characteristics. Although element doping and surface coating strategies could ameliorate the electrochemical performances of cobalt -free Ni-rich cathodes, manufacturing costs are inevitably increased. Especially, regulating precursor features has been regarded as a convenient and economical approach for fabricating desired cathode materials. However, the relationship between precursor trait and properties of cathode has been still unclear. In this work, precursor engineering designed by specific surface area has been proposed for the preparation of Co -free Ni-rich cathodes with tailorable properties, in which the cation mixing could be regulated by capillarity in the lithiation process. It is confirmed that the precursor with larger specific surface area exhibits smaller pore size, ensuring the better wettability and enhanced capillarity for homogeneous lithiation reaction. Triggered by the sufficient lithiation behavior, the synthesized LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2 cathode bearing with low Li+/Ni2+ cation mixing and reduced residual lithium shows the excellent rate ability endowed by fast Li+ diffusion kinetics. Meanwhile, the high cation mixing of LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2 cathode originated from insufficient lithiation reaction could bring out the cation -ordered superlattice structure, which greatly mitigates detrimental phase transition for improving the cycling stability. These novel insights provide a favorable perspective based on precursor tactics for elaborate syntheses of high-performance cobalt -free high -nickel cathode materials.
摘要：
Aqueous zinc-air batteries provide a possibility to replace fossil fuels. However, developing bi-functional electrocatalysts with high activity, low-cost and environmental friendliness for zinc-air batteries remains a challenge. In this work, we report an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst (H-CoP@NC) that is fabricated by phosphating a hollow metal organic framework (MOF) prepared using a self-template method. The H-CoP@NC exhibits a halfwave potential of 0.81V (vs. RHE) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and an overpotential of 390 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. Remarkably, the H-CoP@NC assembled zinc-air battery possesses a voltage gap of 0.82 V at a current density of 50 mA cm-2, and the voltage gap increases by only 0.01 V after 730 continuous charge and discharge cycles. This excellent electrocatalytic activity for ORR and OER can be attributed to the hollow structure, which improves mass transport during the electrocatalytic reaction, and the synergistic effect between CoP and heteroatom doped carbon skeletons which provide a high density of exposed active sites.(c) 2023 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
期刊：
Energy and Built Environment,2024年 ISSN：2666-1233
通讯作者：
Baoshan Xie<&wdkj&>Chuanchang Li
作者机构：
[Huan Wang; Baoshan Xie; Chuanchang Li] Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
通讯机构：
[Baoshan Xie; Chuanchang Li] K;Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
关键词：
cold storage technology;phase change material;cooling system;operation control
摘要：
Cold storage technology is useful to alleviate the mismatch between the cold energy demand and supply. The integration of cold energy storage in cooling system is an effective approach to improve the system reliability and performance. This review provides an overview and recent advances of the cold thermal energy storage (CTES) in refrigeration cooling systems and discusses the operation control for system optimization. Firstly, the composition and principles of cooling systems coupled with CTES are presented. Special attention was paid to cold storage medium of phase change material (PCM) with high energy density and stable phase change temperature. Then, based on the classification of driven energy, the different applications of passive or active cooling systems with CTES are classified, including building cooling, cold chain logistics, and other refrigeration systems. Most importantly, the operation control which is necessary to performance optimization is presented, including operational control strategies, cold load predictions, and economic evaluation methods. Three types of operational control strategies are summarised using water storage and cooling system as an example. Two types of cold load predictions, parametric regression and artificial neural network method, are introduced. Three aspects of economic costs are summarized in terms of initial equipment investment cost, operational cost, and life-cycle cost are summarized. Finally, an outlook on the development of cooling systems using CTES is given.
摘要：
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have high energy density, but thermal management problems caused by insufficient heat dissipation during operation seriously threaten their output performance and durability. In this paper, a type of specially designed vapor chamber was developed and integrated into a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack to enhance its thermal performance. A comprehensive study was conducted on the thermal-electrical characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells with vapor chambers under different working conditions. The results indicated that the vapor chamber could conduct heat quickly and evenly, leading to better cooling performance and thermal uniformity of the fuel cell. Compared to the conventional proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, the stack with the vapor chamber was found to have a 30% decrease in ohmic resistance and a 5.5% increase in output power. In addition, cooling conditions and gravity have been shown to significantly affect the thermal characteristics of fuel cells. The vapor chamber can effectively avoid thermal runaway caused by the rapid increase in heat, thereby making the stack operation safer and more reliable. The related research work has important guiding significance and reference value for the development of a high-efficiency and compact PEMFC thermal management system.
摘要：
Abstract In this work, porous Ti‐15Mo scaffolds with different porosity gradient structures (uniform gradient structures [U‐BCC], level gradient structures [LG‐BCC], and vertical gradient structures [VG‐BCC]) were fabricated by selective laser melting, and the corrosion fatigue testing in Hank's solution was conducted for the first time. The fatigue strength order, when considering the same fatigue life, follows the sequence of LG‐BCC structure > U‐BCC structure > VG‐BCC structure. Cyclic ratcheting is a prominent factor leading to fatigue failure. The sequence of crack initiation and propagation in the latter stage of corrosion fatigue can be listed as follows: LG‐BCC structure < U‐BCC structure < VG‐BCC structure. During the corrosion fatigue process, the grain refinement occurs, and the deformation twinning is generated, leading to a dissipation of energy and an increase of the fatigue resistance. The corrosive effect of Hank's solution induces the surface roughening of the sample, accelerating crack initiation and propagation.
期刊：
Journal of Energy Storage,2024年77:109865 ISSN：2352-152X
通讯作者：
Wang, Wei;Hu, ZM
作者机构：
[Xin, Feng; Wang, Wei; Tian, Hong; Jin, Yi-Hao; Hu, Zhang-Mao; Chen, Yi-Ming; Li, Xin-Zhuo] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Rui-Rui] Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Shanghai 200093, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, W; Hu, ZM ] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Nano-encapsulated phase change materials;(NePCMs);Natural convection;Heat transfer enhancement;Entropy generation;Heating position
摘要：
Being heated electronic components significantly reduces their efficiency, and thus requiring high-efficient cooling strategies to keep such devices operating at an optimal temperature level. The present study is devoted to investigating the cooling performance of water-based nano-encapsulated phase change materials (NePCMs) suspension in the presence of a heat source with uniform temperature. The nano-sized PCM capsules are constructed by n-nonadecane as the core and polyurethane for the protective shell. The n-nonadecane is capable of absorbing/releasing a significant quantity of latent heat in the process of its phase transition, which is actually beneficial for improving the heat transfer performance. The home developed FORTRAN program based on the finite volume method (FVM) combined with the artificial compressibility algorithm is employed to solve the nonlinear coupled equations for fluid flow and heat transfer. The influences of the Rayleigh number (103 <= Ra <= 105), the Stefan number (0.1 <= Ste <= 0.9), the volume fraction of the nano-capsules (0 <= phi <= 0.04), and the heating position (0.25 <= a <= 0.75) on the hydrothermal behavior and entropy generation are explored. The findings reveal that there exists a capsule loading interval wherein the heat transfer enhancement can be achieved, but beyond that range, the deterioration of cooling performance may occur. Moreover, the contribution of suspending NePCMs to the heat transfer improvement is greatly more noticeable at low Rayleigh number, and particularly for the arrangement of upper heating. The average Nusselt number decreases with the increment of the Stefan number, and the variation approximately follows an exponential change for all considered Rayleigh numbers and heating positions. Concerning the entropy generation, it is essentially contributed by the heat transfer irreversibility, and the region with high irreversibility is always located around the intersection of the heated surface and the insulated vertical wall. This research can provide theoretical guidance for cooling the electronic components by utilizing the NePCMs suspension.
摘要：
Three-dimensional (3D) Zn powders are usually used as anode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries, but the problems of dendrites, structural instability, hydrogen generation, and side reactions caused by their large activity and special spherical structure greatly limit the stability of the anode. The idea of dimensionality reduction for the Zn powders by using mechanical ball milling to design a stable two-dimensional (2D) Zn powder anode is proposed in this work. The special planar structure of the 2D-Zn powder displays significant advantages in buffering the formation of dendrites, side reactions, and hydrogen generation, improving the stability of the anode. As a result, the 2D-Zn powder anode can be cycled stably for 90 h in the symmetrical cell at 2 mA cm(-2)/1 mAh cm(-2), which is longer than the 3D-Zn (<1 h). In addition, the cycle life of 2D-Zn is nearly four times that of 3D-Zn in the MnO2 full cell at 1 A g(-1). Therefore, the change in the dimensions of the Zn powder greatly enhances the stability of the anode.
摘要：
Though rapid advancement has been made in inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the lower efficiency in comparison with their organic-inorganic counterparts hinders their progress towards commercialization. The inevitable trap defects existing in the charge transport layers and the perovskite absorber are the main obstacles to superior performance. Herein, a composite approach by incorporating choline zwitterions into the electron transport layer (ETL) and the CsPbI2Br perovskite layer simultaneously for high-efficiency CsPbI2Br PSCs is proposed. Effective interfacial charge extraction is engineered by forming an intermolecular framework via multiple-coordination of choline chloride (ChCl) with the uncoordinated Sn2+ in the ETL and the uncoordinated Pb2+ in the CsPbI2Br film. In addition, the zwitterionic ChCl can coordinate with the negatively charged defects in the CsPbI2Br film, resulting in the charge neutralized passivation of trap defects. Thus, the non-radiative recombination is significantly suppressed. As a consequence, the open-circuit voltage is increased from 1.199 V to 1.315 V, leading to a high efficiency of 17.06% for the inorganic CsPbI2Br PSCs.
期刊：
Advances in Mechanical Engineering,2024年16(2) ISSN：1687-8132
通讯作者：
Zhou, LB
作者机构：
[Chen, Wei; Zhou, Libo; Zhang, Quanquan; Ren, Yanjie; Li, Wei; Li, Cong; Chen, Jian] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Changsha, Peoples R China.;[Zhou, Libo; Zhou, LB] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Sect 2,960,Wanjiali South Rd,Tianxin Dist, Changsha 410114, Hunan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, LB ] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Sect 2,960,Wanjiali South Rd,Tianxin Dist, Changsha 410114, Hunan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Laser powder bed fusion;pure nickel;densification behavior;microstructure;texture
摘要：
In this work, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology was used to fabricate pure nickel components, and the densification behavior and microstructure of pure nickel with different energy densities were investigated. The results indicate that for LPBF-fabricated pure nickel components, the relative density reaches a peak of 98.76% at an energy density of 101 J/mm(3). With the increase of energy density, a large number of pores appear inside the grains, and the grains grow epitaxially along the building direction within multiple molten pools, pores gradually disappear after undergoing remelting at the edges of the melting tracks. Among these, competitive inward growth of columnar crystals may be the main cause of dislocations and new grain generation. The grains are primarily distributed along the Ni (111) or Ni (110) orientations, and with the increase of energy density, the grains with these two orientations increase. The surface energy follows the sequence of Ni (220) > Ni (200) > Ni (111). Due to the stacking of the <101> oriented main layer and the <001> oriented sub-layer in the building direction, the sample with higher energy density exhibits a strong Ni {110} texture, accompanied by increased tensile properties.
摘要：
To address the safety concerns surrounding liquid electrolyte lithium-ion batteries, the development of a safe and reliable solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity is of utmost importance. In recent years, the NASICON-type Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)(3) solid electrolyte has garnered increasing attention due to its impressive room temperature ionic conductivity and excellent chemical stability. However, its preparation is usually completed in high temperature up to 1000 degrees C, which is high energy consumption. Herein, F-doped Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7P3O12 solid electrolytes were synthesized by molten salt assisted synthesis with AlF3 as the precursor and flux, which were prepared at 800 degrees C with relative density of 95.39% and room temperature lithium ionic conductivity of 1.14 x 10(-3) S cm(-1). XRD results show that F doping can inhibit the formation of impurity phase LiTiPO5 to a certain extent, and is beneficial to improve the conductivity and density of LATP solid electrolyte. FT-IR spectra show that the addition of F changes the structural peak of PO43- and increases the number of bridge oxygen, thus enhancing the structural stability of LATP solid electrolyte. The SEM results show that the addition of F can promote the growth of grain at low temperature, increase the density of LATP electrolyte, and reduce the energy consumption. EDS, XPS and TEM results show that F has been successfully doped into LATP solid electrolyte crystals.
