期刊：
Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing,2026年201:110108 ISSN：1369-8001
通讯作者：
Chen, JL
作者机构：
[Peng, Zhuoyin; Pei, Caiyu; Zhang, Siyuan; Wang, Zixian; Wu, Zihan; Wang, Jiaqing; Chen, Jian; Chen, Jianlin; Li, Chi; Zhao, Siyuan; Huang, Jincheng; Chang, Di] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Key Lab Renewable Energy Elect Technol Hunan Prov, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Shi, Yifei] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Disaster Prevent & Reduct Power Grid, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Chen, JL ] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Key Lab Renewable Energy Elect Technol Hunan Prov, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Inorganic perovskite solar cells;CsPbI2Br;Bulk modification;Cesium fluoride;Additives
摘要：
The inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit superior thermal stability to the organic-inorganic hybrid PSCs. However, halide defects with low formation energy are often present at grain boundaries of the inorganic perovskite films. This results in many defects of Pb 2+ uncoordinated with halides, causing in non-radiative recombination in the films. In this work, cesium fluoride (CsF) was chosen as an additive in the CsPbI 2 Br precursor solution, in which Cs + can passivate the A-site vacancy defects in CsPbI 2 Br perovskite films; fluoride ion (F − ) has a smaller ionic radius and is more electronegative than chloride ion (Cl − ), iodide ion (I − ), and bromide ion (Br − ), which may allow it to fit in the smaller spaces in the host lattice, as well as weaken the lattice strain and improve the stability of the desired phase. Based on this strategy, CsF-treated carbon-based hole-transport-layer-free CsPbI 2 Br PSCs were obtained with a champion photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 13.45 %, short-circuit current density of 15.15 mA/cm 2 , open-circuit voltage of 1.18 V, and fill factor of 75 %. Meanwhile, the CsF-treated CsPbI 2 Br PSCs possessed better environmental stability compared to the un-treated counterpart due to the introduction of the more hydrophobic F − . This strategy provides a simple and feasible strategy for the development of efficient and stable inorganic PSCs.
The inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit superior thermal stability to the organic-inorganic hybrid PSCs. However, halide defects with low formation energy are often present at grain boundaries of the inorganic perovskite films. This results in many defects of Pb 2+ uncoordinated with halides, causing in non-radiative recombination in the films. In this work, cesium fluoride (CsF) was chosen as an additive in the CsPbI 2 Br precursor solution, in which Cs + can passivate the A-site vacancy defects in CsPbI 2 Br perovskite films; fluoride ion (F − ) has a smaller ionic radius and is more electronegative than chloride ion (Cl − ), iodide ion (I − ), and bromide ion (Br − ), which may allow it to fit in the smaller spaces in the host lattice, as well as weaken the lattice strain and improve the stability of the desired phase. Based on this strategy, CsF-treated carbon-based hole-transport-layer-free CsPbI 2 Br PSCs were obtained with a champion photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 13.45 %, short-circuit current density of 15.15 mA/cm 2 , open-circuit voltage of 1.18 V, and fill factor of 75 %. Meanwhile, the CsF-treated CsPbI 2 Br PSCs possessed better environmental stability compared to the un-treated counterpart due to the introduction of the more hydrophobic F − . This strategy provides a simple and feasible strategy for the development of efficient and stable inorganic PSCs.
作者：
Kang Chen;Mei Yi Lau;Xinyuan Luo;Jiani Huang;Liuzhang Ouyang;...
期刊：
材料科学技术(英文),2026年246:256-289 ISSN：1005-0302
通讯作者：
Liuzhang Ouyang<&wdkj&>Xu-Sheng Yang
作者机构：
[Mei Yi Lau; Jiani Huang; Xu-Sheng Yang] Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;[Xinyuan Luo] Key Laboratory of Energy Efficient & Clean Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China;[Liuzhang Ouyang] School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;[Kang Chen] Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Energy Efficient & Clean Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
通讯机构：
[Liuzhang Ouyang] S;[Xu-Sheng Yang] D;Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China<&wdkj&>School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
摘要：
Promoting the widespread utilization of hydrogen energy, supported by efficient storage and conversion technologies, represents a pivotal strategy for addressing global energy and environmental challenges. Among these technologies, the development of compact, safe, and economically viable hydrogen storage (abbreviated as H-storage) solutions is essential for advancing a hydrogen-based economy. Conventional technologies, such as compressed gaseous hydrogen and cryogenic liquid hydrogen, face limitations including safety concerns, high energy consumption, and significant evaporation losses. In comparison, metal hydride-based storage offers a promising alternative by enabling hydrogen to form stable compounds with metals under moderate conditions, thereby improving safety and hydrogen density (H-density). The review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in the most appealing solid-state hydrogen storage alloys (HSAs), with a focus on their de-/hydrogenation properties and cycling stability. Key materials discussed include V-based body-centered cubic (BCC) HSAs, Mg-based crystalline and amorphous HSAs, and multi-component alloys—either employed as used as standalone H-storage materials or as multifunctional catalysts to improve hydrogen kinetics of Mg-based materials. The review begins by examining synthesis methods for HSAs. Afterwards, the review summarizes and discusses the H-storage properties of the above HSAs, with a particular emphasis on their de-/hydriding kinetics, thermodynamics, and cycling performance. In addition to highlighting the latest advancements of solid-state HSAs in the field of hydrogen energy, the remaining challenges and prospects of the emerging research are also discussed.
Promoting the widespread utilization of hydrogen energy, supported by efficient storage and conversion technologies, represents a pivotal strategy for addressing global energy and environmental challenges. Among these technologies, the development of compact, safe, and economically viable hydrogen storage (abbreviated as H-storage) solutions is essential for advancing a hydrogen-based economy. Conventional technologies, such as compressed gaseous hydrogen and cryogenic liquid hydrogen, face limitations including safety concerns, high energy consumption, and significant evaporation losses. In comparison, metal hydride-based storage offers a promising alternative by enabling hydrogen to form stable compounds with metals under moderate conditions, thereby improving safety and hydrogen density (H-density). The review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in the most appealing solid-state hydrogen storage alloys (HSAs), with a focus on their de-/hydrogenation properties and cycling stability. Key materials discussed include V-based body-centered cubic (BCC) HSAs, Mg-based crystalline and amorphous HSAs, and multi-component alloys—either employed as used as standalone H-storage materials or as multifunctional catalysts to improve hydrogen kinetics of Mg-based materials. The review begins by examining synthesis methods for HSAs. Afterwards, the review summarizes and discusses the H-storage properties of the above HSAs, with a particular emphasis on their de-/hydriding kinetics, thermodynamics, and cycling performance. In addition to highlighting the latest advancements of solid-state HSAs in the field of hydrogen energy, the remaining challenges and prospects of the emerging research are also discussed.
期刊：
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2026年226:116230 ISSN：1364-0321
通讯作者：
Chuanchang Li
作者机构：
[Xinrui Yan; Baoshan Xie; Chuanchang Li] Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
通讯机构：
[Chuanchang Li] K;Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
摘要：
With the ongoing advancement of aerospace technology, the demand for high-performance materials is rising. Phase change materials (PCMs), known for their unique thermophysical properties and versatility, offer new opportunities for breakthroughs in aerospace applications. PCMs, characterized by their low density, high energy storage density, and robust cycle stability, are ideal for aircraft lightweighting and thermal management of electronic devices. This review provides an overview of PCMs, including their mechanism, classification, preparation methods, and performance optimization. It then outlines the selection criteria for aerospace applications, emphasizing attributes such as lightweight design, long-term cycle stability, high thermal conductivity, resistance to extreme temperatures and radiation, and compatibility with existing equipment. Finally, the review explores recent advancements in PCM applications in aerospace, addressing the associated challenges and future prospects.
With the ongoing advancement of aerospace technology, the demand for high-performance materials is rising. Phase change materials (PCMs), known for their unique thermophysical properties and versatility, offer new opportunities for breakthroughs in aerospace applications. PCMs, characterized by their low density, high energy storage density, and robust cycle stability, are ideal for aircraft lightweighting and thermal management of electronic devices. This review provides an overview of PCMs, including their mechanism, classification, preparation methods, and performance optimization. It then outlines the selection criteria for aerospace applications, emphasizing attributes such as lightweight design, long-term cycle stability, high thermal conductivity, resistance to extreme temperatures and radiation, and compatibility with existing equipment. Finally, the review explores recent advancements in PCM applications in aerospace, addressing the associated challenges and future prospects.
作者：
Lei Liu;Chengfeng Jiang;Xi Yuan;Yan Zhang;Haiyan Chen;...
期刊：
材料科学技术(英文),2026年241:219-228 ISSN：1005-0302
通讯作者：
Haiyan Chen<&wdkj&>Dou Zhang
作者机构：
[Lei Liu; Yan Zhang; Dou Zhang] State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;[Xi Yuan] College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;[Chengfeng Jiang; Haiyan Chen] Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
通讯机构：
[Haiyan Chen] K;[Dou Zhang] S;State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
摘要：
The strategy of nanolaminates has been shown to significantly optimize the electrical properties and reliability of fluorite HfO 2 -ZrO 2 ferroelectric thin films. However, HfO 2 -ZrO 2 nanolaminates typically exhibit low ferroelectric polarization, which severely limits their application in high-performance ferroelectric memory devices. In this work, strong and reliable ferroelectricity in equal thick ZrO 2 /Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 (ZO/HZO) nanobilayer films has been successfully achieved using post-deposition annealing (PDA) process. Compared to the HZO (15) solid solution film, the 2 P r (Double remanent polarization) value of ZO/HZO (7.5/7.5) nanobilayer film increases by 87 % to 68.6 µC/cm 2 . The experimental results indicate that the pronounced ferroelectric phase transition is attributed to significant in-plane tensile stress within ZO/HZO nanobilayer films and surface energy effects caused by the decrease of grain size. Moreover, the nanobilayer structure also demonstrates superior scalability, with all the 6–21 nm thick ZO/HZO nanobilayer films possessing large 2 P r values above 56.0 µC/cm 2 . In particular, the 6 nm thick ZO/HZO (3/3) nanobilayer film achieves a ultra-high remanent polarization (2 P r ≈65.1 µC/cm 2 ) while exhibiting excellent fatigue endurance (10 10 cycles) and uniformity (Δ2 P r /2 P r, max <6.5 %). This study opens up the possibility of developing high-performance and reliable high-density ferroelectric memory devices.
The strategy of nanolaminates has been shown to significantly optimize the electrical properties and reliability of fluorite HfO 2 -ZrO 2 ferroelectric thin films. However, HfO 2 -ZrO 2 nanolaminates typically exhibit low ferroelectric polarization, which severely limits their application in high-performance ferroelectric memory devices. In this work, strong and reliable ferroelectricity in equal thick ZrO 2 /Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 (ZO/HZO) nanobilayer films has been successfully achieved using post-deposition annealing (PDA) process. Compared to the HZO (15) solid solution film, the 2 P r (Double remanent polarization) value of ZO/HZO (7.5/7.5) nanobilayer film increases by 87 % to 68.6 µC/cm 2 . The experimental results indicate that the pronounced ferroelectric phase transition is attributed to significant in-plane tensile stress within ZO/HZO nanobilayer films and surface energy effects caused by the decrease of grain size. Moreover, the nanobilayer structure also demonstrates superior scalability, with all the 6–21 nm thick ZO/HZO nanobilayer films possessing large 2 P r values above 56.0 µC/cm 2 . In particular, the 6 nm thick ZO/HZO (3/3) nanobilayer film achieves a ultra-high remanent polarization (2 P r ≈65.1 µC/cm 2 ) while exhibiting excellent fatigue endurance (10 10 cycles) and uniformity (Δ2 P r /2 P r, max <6.5 %). This study opens up the possibility of developing high-performance and reliable high-density ferroelectric memory devices.
作者机构：
[Shan Cheng; Kehui Yao; Linxi Guo; Zihui Xu; Hong Tian] School of Energy and Power Engineering, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China;State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute, Changsha 410208, China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Clean & Efficient Power Generation Technologies, Changsha 410208, China;[Wen Chen] State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute, Changsha 410208, China<&wdkj&>Hunan Key Laboratory of Clean & Efficient Power Generation Technologies, Changsha 410208, China
通讯机构：
[Hong Tian] S;School of Energy and Power Engineering, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
摘要：
Pyrolysis of sludge is a promising method for energy and resource recovery from solid waste. However, the emission of odorous gases, especially those containing sulfur and nitrogen, poses significant environmental challenges. Therefore, this study investigated the release characteristics of organic sulfur, when it coexist with organic nitrogen. Focusing on the mechanism by which organic nitrogen affects the transformation pathways of organic sulfur. Co-pyrolysis experiments with organic sulfur model compounds ‘benzyl sulfide (BS) and 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfide (DHS)’ and nitrogen-containing model compounds ‘proline (Pro) and aspartic acid (Asp)’. The presence of Pro and Asp lower the pyrolysis temperature and enhance the reaction extent of BS and DHS. The functional groups of organic nitrogen compounds, such as −H, –OH, and −C=O, promoted the production of sulfur-containing gases from organic sulfur compounds. Pro and Asp increase the yield of gas-S by 1.5 ∼ 2 times and 3 times, respectively. Pro also reduced the energy barriers for key steps in H 2 S formation from BS, including the removal of −SH radical from benzyl mercaptan and thiophenol, and −SH hydrogenation, by 83.92 kJ/mol, 39.97 kJ/mol, and 135 kJ/mol, respectively. Asp promoted the cleavage of the C aliphatic -S bond in BS and the C aromatic -S bond in DHS, lowering the energy barriers by 74.05 kJ/mol and 160.27 kJ/mol, respectively. These findings elucidate the role of organic nitrogen compounds in organic sulfur release during sewage sludge pyrolysis, thereby providing a potential way for the synergistic removal of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing odorous gases.
Pyrolysis of sludge is a promising method for energy and resource recovery from solid waste. However, the emission of odorous gases, especially those containing sulfur and nitrogen, poses significant environmental challenges. Therefore, this study investigated the release characteristics of organic sulfur, when it coexist with organic nitrogen. Focusing on the mechanism by which organic nitrogen affects the transformation pathways of organic sulfur. Co-pyrolysis experiments with organic sulfur model compounds ‘benzyl sulfide (BS) and 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl sulfide (DHS)’ and nitrogen-containing model compounds ‘proline (Pro) and aspartic acid (Asp)’. The presence of Pro and Asp lower the pyrolysis temperature and enhance the reaction extent of BS and DHS. The functional groups of organic nitrogen compounds, such as −H, –OH, and −C=O, promoted the production of sulfur-containing gases from organic sulfur compounds. Pro and Asp increase the yield of gas-S by 1.5 ∼ 2 times and 3 times, respectively. Pro also reduced the energy barriers for key steps in H 2 S formation from BS, including the removal of −SH radical from benzyl mercaptan and thiophenol, and −SH hydrogenation, by 83.92 kJ/mol, 39.97 kJ/mol, and 135 kJ/mol, respectively. Asp promoted the cleavage of the C aliphatic -S bond in BS and the C aromatic -S bond in DHS, lowering the energy barriers by 74.05 kJ/mol and 160.27 kJ/mol, respectively. These findings elucidate the role of organic nitrogen compounds in organic sulfur release during sewage sludge pyrolysis, thereby providing a potential way for the synergistic removal of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing odorous gases.
期刊：
International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,2026年117:110035 ISSN：0142-727X
通讯作者：
Yanfeng Yang
作者机构：
[Chaolin Liu; Chaofan Xiao] School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China;[Sanqi Liu] Chengnan College, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410015, China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, Baoding 071003, China;[Yanfeng Yang] School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China<&wdkj&>Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, Baoding 071003, China
通讯机构：
[Yanfeng Yang] S;School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China<&wdkj&>Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, Baoding 071003, China
摘要：
In this study, a two-dimensional cylindrical tube array model was established using the finite element method. The effects of sound wave frequency (50–200 Hz) and sound pressure level (118–140 dB) on the flow characteristics in the inter-tube gap under laminar ( Re = 150) and turbulent ( Re = 500) conditions were systematically investigated. The results show that under laminar conditions, the average gap flow velocity increases from 0.025 m/s to 0.048 m/s when the sound pressure level rises from 118 dB to 130 dB at a 50 Hz sound wave, representing a 177 % increase. However, at a constant sound pressure level of 130 dB, the flow velocity of the front row tubes (C1-C7) significantly decreases as the frequency increases from 50 Hz to 200 Hz. Under turbulent conditions, the flow velocity increases linearly by 33 % within the range of 130–140 dB at 50 Hz sound waves. Even though the flow velocity decreases when the frequency increases to 140 dB sound pressure, it is still higher than that without sound waves. The study found that low-frequency sound waves have a more significant effect on enhancing the flow of the front row tubes, while high-frequency sound waves need to consider energy dissipation. Overall, low-frequency and high sound pressure level sound waves can effectively increase the inter-tube flow velocity, and the enhancement effect is more obvious under laminar conditions. This provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of sound wave parameters in engineering applications.
In this study, a two-dimensional cylindrical tube array model was established using the finite element method. The effects of sound wave frequency (50–200 Hz) and sound pressure level (118–140 dB) on the flow characteristics in the inter-tube gap under laminar ( Re = 150) and turbulent ( Re = 500) conditions were systematically investigated. The results show that under laminar conditions, the average gap flow velocity increases from 0.025 m/s to 0.048 m/s when the sound pressure level rises from 118 dB to 130 dB at a 50 Hz sound wave, representing a 177 % increase. However, at a constant sound pressure level of 130 dB, the flow velocity of the front row tubes (C1-C7) significantly decreases as the frequency increases from 50 Hz to 200 Hz. Under turbulent conditions, the flow velocity increases linearly by 33 % within the range of 130–140 dB at 50 Hz sound waves. Even though the flow velocity decreases when the frequency increases to 140 dB sound pressure, it is still higher than that without sound waves. The study found that low-frequency sound waves have a more significant effect on enhancing the flow of the front row tubes, while high-frequency sound waves need to consider energy dissipation. Overall, low-frequency and high sound pressure level sound waves can effectively increase the inter-tube flow velocity, and the enhancement effect is more obvious under laminar conditions. This provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of sound wave parameters in engineering applications.
作者机构：
[Binbin Chen; Hong Tian; Zhen Zhou; Yanni Xuan; Siying Liu] School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China;[Zhijie Wang] Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Power Generation Technologies, Changsha 410007, China
通讯机构：
[Hong Tian; Yanni Xuan] S;School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
摘要：
A combined pretreatment of straw was carried out using acid washing and torrefaction methods. Metal-modified HZSM-5 core–shell molecular sieves were prepared by loading Zn (2, 4, and 6 wt%) and Ni (6, 8, and 10 wt%) on HZSM-5 molecular sieves and introducing MCM-41 core–shell structure. PY-GC/MS and a tubular furnace were employed to study the effects of pretreatment conditions and catalysts on the product composition distribution during wheat straw catalytic pyrolysis. XRD, SEM, BET, TPD and ICP were used to characterize the catalyst performance. It was found that the combined acid washing and torrefaction pretreatment reduced the oxygenated compounds in the bio-oil from straw catalytic pyrolysis and increased the bio-oil yield to 29.37 %. The incorporation of modified catalysts promoted the deoxygenation, zwitterionization and aromatization reactions during the straw-catalyzed pyrolysis. The monometallic loading of 4%Zn/HZ and 8%Ni/HZ catalyzed acid washing and torrefaction straw pyrolysis resulted in 54.2 % and 57.06 % yields of MAHs and 42.86 % and 38.58 % yields of BTX in bio-oil, respectively.Compared with the monometallic loading, 4%Zn8%Ni/HZ further optimized the bio-oil compositional distribution, with a MAHs yield of 64.76 %, a BTX yield of 54.69 %, and a deoxygenation performance of 81.34%.MCM-41-coated HZSM-5 produces a large mesoporous structure with channels with sufficient transport capacity, accelerating the cleavage of various types of oxygen-containing compounds in the bio-oil into smaller molecules for better conversion into aromatics. The 4%Zn8%Ni/H@M catalyst achieved a MAHs yield of 72.68 % and BTX yield of 63.43 % in the bio-oil during pyrolysis of acid-washed and torrefied wheat straw, with oxygen removal efficiency reaching 85.37 %. Therefore, the combination of feedstock pretreatment and metal-modified core–shell HZSM-5 molecular sieve could synergistically optimize both compositional distribution and production yield of bio-oil derived from biomass pyrolysis.
A combined pretreatment of straw was carried out using acid washing and torrefaction methods. Metal-modified HZSM-5 core–shell molecular sieves were prepared by loading Zn (2, 4, and 6 wt%) and Ni (6, 8, and 10 wt%) on HZSM-5 molecular sieves and introducing MCM-41 core–shell structure. PY-GC/MS and a tubular furnace were employed to study the effects of pretreatment conditions and catalysts on the product composition distribution during wheat straw catalytic pyrolysis. XRD, SEM, BET, TPD and ICP were used to characterize the catalyst performance. It was found that the combined acid washing and torrefaction pretreatment reduced the oxygenated compounds in the bio-oil from straw catalytic pyrolysis and increased the bio-oil yield to 29.37 %. The incorporation of modified catalysts promoted the deoxygenation, zwitterionization and aromatization reactions during the straw-catalyzed pyrolysis. The monometallic loading of 4%Zn/HZ and 8%Ni/HZ catalyzed acid washing and torrefaction straw pyrolysis resulted in 54.2 % and 57.06 % yields of MAHs and 42.86 % and 38.58 % yields of BTX in bio-oil, respectively.Compared with the monometallic loading, 4%Zn8%Ni/HZ further optimized the bio-oil compositional distribution, with a MAHs yield of 64.76 %, a BTX yield of 54.69 %, and a deoxygenation performance of 81.34%.MCM-41-coated HZSM-5 produces a large mesoporous structure with channels with sufficient transport capacity, accelerating the cleavage of various types of oxygen-containing compounds in the bio-oil into smaller molecules for better conversion into aromatics. The 4%Zn8%Ni/H@M catalyst achieved a MAHs yield of 72.68 % and BTX yield of 63.43 % in the bio-oil during pyrolysis of acid-washed and torrefied wheat straw, with oxygen removal efficiency reaching 85.37 %. Therefore, the combination of feedstock pretreatment and metal-modified core–shell HZSM-5 molecular sieve could synergistically optimize both compositional distribution and production yield of bio-oil derived from biomass pyrolysis.
期刊：
International Journal of Fatigue,2026年203:109281 ISSN：0142-1123
通讯作者：
Wei Li<&wdkj&>Dapeng Jiang<&wdkj&>Guowei Bo
作者机构：
[Chipeng Zhang; Wei Li; Shengnan Hu; Dapeng Jiang; Jian Chen; Guowei Bo] School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China;[Shunpeng Zhu] School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China<&wdkj&>School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
通讯机构：
[Wei Li; Dapeng Jiang; Guowei Bo] S;School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
关键词：
FB2 steel;Martensitic lath width;Creep-fatigue;BEiT deep learning
摘要：
The service life of FB2 steel, a boron-modified 9 % Cr martensitic stainless steel for high-temperature applications, is predominantly governed by its creep-fatigue resistance. Therefore, the stress-controlled cycling loading tests with different dwell time (5, 15, 30 s) at 620 ℃ were employed to study the creep-fatigue behavior of FB2 steel. Meanwhile, two martensitic lath widths of 286 nm (H-FB2 steel) and 568 nm (L-FB2 steel) were tailored for FB2 steel by different heat treatment. Both FB2 variants exhibited pronounced cyclic softening behavior. However, H-FB2 steel showed significantly lower performance than L-FB2 steel, with the latter exhibiting a 64.7 % greater elongation and superior creep-fatigue life improvements of 21.9 %, 14.2 %, and 8.5 % at holding durations of 5 s, 15 s, and 30 s respectively. Further, the BEiT deep learning method achieved an accuracy of 94.4 % for fractographic analysis, by which the fracture mode was identified as brittle and ductile fracture for H-FB2 and L-FB2 steel, respectively. This difference is attributed to the lower initial dislocation density and fine spherical carbides (M 23 C 6 and MX types) in L-FB2 steel, which could accommodate more dislocation and restrict dislocation movement at martensite lath boundaries. This effectively delays both crack initiation and propagation processes, and consequently improves the creep-fatigue resistance.
The service life of FB2 steel, a boron-modified 9 % Cr martensitic stainless steel for high-temperature applications, is predominantly governed by its creep-fatigue resistance. Therefore, the stress-controlled cycling loading tests with different dwell time (5, 15, 30 s) at 620 ℃ were employed to study the creep-fatigue behavior of FB2 steel. Meanwhile, two martensitic lath widths of 286 nm (H-FB2 steel) and 568 nm (L-FB2 steel) were tailored for FB2 steel by different heat treatment. Both FB2 variants exhibited pronounced cyclic softening behavior. However, H-FB2 steel showed significantly lower performance than L-FB2 steel, with the latter exhibiting a 64.7 % greater elongation and superior creep-fatigue life improvements of 21.9 %, 14.2 %, and 8.5 % at holding durations of 5 s, 15 s, and 30 s respectively. Further, the BEiT deep learning method achieved an accuracy of 94.4 % for fractographic analysis, by which the fracture mode was identified as brittle and ductile fracture for H-FB2 and L-FB2 steel, respectively. This difference is attributed to the lower initial dislocation density and fine spherical carbides (M 23 C 6 and MX types) in L-FB2 steel, which could accommodate more dislocation and restrict dislocation movement at martensite lath boundaries. This effectively delays both crack initiation and propagation processes, and consequently improves the creep-fatigue resistance.
作者机构：
College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China;Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Simulation Techniques for Special Equipment, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China;[Yaopeng Chang] College of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, PR China;[Tingting Chen; Yuan Ding; Ziyu Xu; Kai Wang; Jiaxi Zhou] College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Simulation Techniques for Special Equipment, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
通讯机构：
[Kai Wang] C;College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Simulation Techniques for Special Equipment, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
摘要：
Self-powered wireless sensing systems face a fundamental challenge in effectively harvesting multidirectional low-frequency vibrations—a dominant feature in environmental mechanical energy spectra—while maintaining compact form factors. Conventional energy harvesters often exhibit limited adaptability to multidirectional excitations and poor efficiency at low frequencies. Inspired by the adaptive petal morphology of flowers, this work presents a flower-like bidirectional energy harvester (FLB-EH) incorporating quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) mechanisms for enhanced low-frequency vibration energy conversion. Through an integrated approach combining biomimetic design, nonlinear dynamics modeling, and systematic experimentation, this study deciphers the unique architecture of the FLB-EH and its role in bidirectional energy conversion, establishes a nonlinear electromechanical coupling model to quantify stiffness effects on power generation, and demonstrates a prototype achieving dual functionality as both a power source and self-powered vibration sensor. The synergistic integration of bioinspired petal morphology and QZS design, effectively resolving the two long-standing challenges in vibration energy harvesting systems: orientation adaptability and the difficulty of capturing low-frequency vibration energy.
Self-powered wireless sensing systems face a fundamental challenge in effectively harvesting multidirectional low-frequency vibrations—a dominant feature in environmental mechanical energy spectra—while maintaining compact form factors. Conventional energy harvesters often exhibit limited adaptability to multidirectional excitations and poor efficiency at low frequencies. Inspired by the adaptive petal morphology of flowers, this work presents a flower-like bidirectional energy harvester (FLB-EH) incorporating quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) mechanisms for enhanced low-frequency vibration energy conversion. Through an integrated approach combining biomimetic design, nonlinear dynamics modeling, and systematic experimentation, this study deciphers the unique architecture of the FLB-EH and its role in bidirectional energy conversion, establishes a nonlinear electromechanical coupling model to quantify stiffness effects on power generation, and demonstrates a prototype achieving dual functionality as both a power source and self-powered vibration sensor. The synergistic integration of bioinspired petal morphology and QZS design, effectively resolving the two long-standing challenges in vibration energy harvesting systems: orientation adaptability and the difficulty of capturing low-frequency vibration energy.
作者机构：
[Yunqi Jia; Fen Liu; Jiangwen Liu; Hui Wang] School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;Key Laboratory of Energy Efficient & Clean Utilization, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China;[Xusheng Yang] Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Energy & Environmental Materials, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510641, China;School of Natural Sciences and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
通讯机构：
[Xusheng Yang] D;[Yi Jia] C;[Liuzhang Ouyang] S;Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China<&wdkj&>China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Energy & Environmental Materials, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510641, China<&wdkj&>School of Natural Sciences and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia<&wdkj&>School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China<&wdkj&>China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Energy & Environmental Materials, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510641, China
摘要：
Converting CO 2 into high value-added chemical fuels through coupling with renewable hydrogen, has emerged as a pivotal strategy to address environmental pollution and tackle energy supply issues. However, the high chemical inertness of CO 2 molecules and the complex multi-electron transfer processes involved in CO 2 hydrogenation pose significant challenges, leading to large energy barriers and poor product selectivity. Traditional chemical catalysts typically require harsh conditions such as high temperatures, pressures, and/or additives to overcome these barriers and accelerate sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, we report a mechanochemical-force-driven strategy for the in situ synthesis of Ni nanoparticles supported on La 2 O 3 (Ni/La 2 O 3 ), which enables efficient CO 2 methanation at room temperature using LaNi 5 and H 2 /CO 2 mixed gas as source materials. The experimental findings assuredly corroborate that CO 2 methanation proceeds through the formate route in the LaNi 5 -[CO 2 +H 2 ] system. This pathway involves the absorption of H 2 by LaNi 5 , dissociation of hydrogen atoms, and their reaction with the formed La 2 O 3 to generate surface hydroxyl groups. These hydroxyl groups play a crucial role in facilitating the dissociative adsorption of CO 2 on La 2 O 3 , resulting in the formation of carbonate and bicarbonate intermediates. Subsequently, these intermediates are continuously hydrogenated by the hydrogen atom flux from LaNi 5 H x , ultimately producing formate and methane. Our experimental and computational results demonstrate that modulating a metallic Ni active site center through direct interaction with a La 2 O 3 support and exposing CO 2 to active hydrogen atoms sourced from metal hydrides may be a powerful strategy for promoting novel reactivity paradigms in CO 2 catalytic reduction reactions.
Converting CO 2 into high value-added chemical fuels through coupling with renewable hydrogen, has emerged as a pivotal strategy to address environmental pollution and tackle energy supply issues. However, the high chemical inertness of CO 2 molecules and the complex multi-electron transfer processes involved in CO 2 hydrogenation pose significant challenges, leading to large energy barriers and poor product selectivity. Traditional chemical catalysts typically require harsh conditions such as high temperatures, pressures, and/or additives to overcome these barriers and accelerate sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, we report a mechanochemical-force-driven strategy for the in situ synthesis of Ni nanoparticles supported on La 2 O 3 (Ni/La 2 O 3 ), which enables efficient CO 2 methanation at room temperature using LaNi 5 and H 2 /CO 2 mixed gas as source materials. The experimental findings assuredly corroborate that CO 2 methanation proceeds through the formate route in the LaNi 5 -[CO 2 +H 2 ] system. This pathway involves the absorption of H 2 by LaNi 5 , dissociation of hydrogen atoms, and their reaction with the formed La 2 O 3 to generate surface hydroxyl groups. These hydroxyl groups play a crucial role in facilitating the dissociative adsorption of CO 2 on La 2 O 3 , resulting in the formation of carbonate and bicarbonate intermediates. Subsequently, these intermediates are continuously hydrogenated by the hydrogen atom flux from LaNi 5 H x , ultimately producing formate and methane. Our experimental and computational results demonstrate that modulating a metallic Ni active site center through direct interaction with a La 2 O 3 support and exposing CO 2 to active hydrogen atoms sourced from metal hydrides may be a powerful strategy for promoting novel reactivity paradigms in CO 2 catalytic reduction reactions.
期刊：
Journal of Power Sources,2025年660:238495 ISSN：0378-7753
通讯作者：
Huang, Jincheng;Chen, JL
作者机构：
[Li, Ying; Peng, Zhuoyin; Huang, Jincheng; Zhang, Siyuan; Wang, Zixian; Chen, Jian; Chen, Jianlin] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Key Lab Efficient & Clean Energy Utilizat, Changsha 410111, Peoples R China.;[Li, Shimin] Sinopec Catalyst Co Ltd, Changling Div, Yueyang 414012, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Huang, JC; Chen, JL ] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Key Lab Efficient & Clean Energy Utilizat, Changsha 410111, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Perovskite solar cells;CsPbI 2 Br;Interface modification;Ionic liquid;Carbon electrode
摘要：
The hole-transport-layer-free (HTL-free) carbon-electrode CsPbI 2 Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered significant interest due to their process compatibility and excellent stability. Nevertheless, surface and grain boundary defects in perovskite films inevitably serve as non-radiative recombination sites, critically limiting device performance. Herein, an interface engineering strategy employing 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride is proposed to restructure the perovskite/carbon interface in HTL-free architectures. The results demonstrated that the ionic liquid effectively passivate the defects on the surface of the perovskite film, associated with reduced defects, enhanced carrier transport, and induced hydrophobicity properties, thereby improving the overall performance of the perovskite solar cells. The modified carbon-based perovskite solar cell device, in the absence of a hole transport layer, exhibits a champion PCE of 13.96 %, with V OC of 1.25 V, J SC of 14.88 mA cm −2 , and FF of 75 %. Moreover, the unencapsulated 1-3-MIMCl-modified device retained 84.7 % of its initial efficiency after 1200 h in a glove box, demonstrating superior long-term stability compared to the control device.
The hole-transport-layer-free (HTL-free) carbon-electrode CsPbI 2 Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered significant interest due to their process compatibility and excellent stability. Nevertheless, surface and grain boundary defects in perovskite films inevitably serve as non-radiative recombination sites, critically limiting device performance. Herein, an interface engineering strategy employing 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride is proposed to restructure the perovskite/carbon interface in HTL-free architectures. The results demonstrated that the ionic liquid effectively passivate the defects on the surface of the perovskite film, associated with reduced defects, enhanced carrier transport, and induced hydrophobicity properties, thereby improving the overall performance of the perovskite solar cells. The modified carbon-based perovskite solar cell device, in the absence of a hole transport layer, exhibits a champion PCE of 13.96 %, with V OC of 1.25 V, J SC of 14.88 mA cm −2 , and FF of 75 %. Moreover, the unencapsulated 1-3-MIMCl-modified device retained 84.7 % of its initial efficiency after 1200 h in a glove box, demonstrating superior long-term stability compared to the control device.
摘要：
The flight mission of aeroengines exhibits dynamic features during operation. It is crucial to consider the effect of abrupt loading conditions when evaluating the creep behavior of turbine blades. In this paper, the effect of variable temperature and stress on creep rupture behavior of Ni-based single crystal (SX) turbine blade simulator specimen was systematically studied by experimental and finite element analysis methods. The experimental results indicated that creep strain jump could be observed with increasing temperature and stress, accompanied by the new primary and secondary stages. The creep fracture mechanism and microstructure evolution were revealed by the macro and micro analysis of the specimen after failure. Based on the above research, the creep damage model considering the material degradation and voids damage was used to calculate and analyze the creep behavior of the blade-like specimen. The finite element simulation results are nearly consistent with the experimental fracture path of the specimen.
The flight mission of aeroengines exhibits dynamic features during operation. It is crucial to consider the effect of abrupt loading conditions when evaluating the creep behavior of turbine blades. In this paper, the effect of variable temperature and stress on creep rupture behavior of Ni-based single crystal (SX) turbine blade simulator specimen was systematically studied by experimental and finite element analysis methods. The experimental results indicated that creep strain jump could be observed with increasing temperature and stress, accompanied by the new primary and secondary stages. The creep fracture mechanism and microstructure evolution were revealed by the macro and micro analysis of the specimen after failure. Based on the above research, the creep damage model considering the material degradation and voids damage was used to calculate and analyze the creep behavior of the blade-like specimen. The finite element simulation results are nearly consistent with the experimental fracture path of the specimen.
摘要：
The aircraft engine casing, a pivotal component, is prone to early cracking during service, severely compromising the safety and lifespan of aerial vehicles. This study delved into the cracking mechanism at the lap component of aeroengine inner casing during service by examining the microstructural characteristics of specimens before and after service, alongside an analysis of microstructural evolution and mechanical properties under simulated service conditions. Experimental findings indicated that, post-service, a small number of locations in the specimens exhibited the adhesion of Mo-rich phases with Mo and Ti compound phases, accompanied by a notable increase in grain size compared to the original specimens. Under simulated high-temperature environments and thermomechanical loading conditions, Mo-rich phases precipitated after reaching 800 degrees C. Additionally, cracks emerged in the specimens under thermomechanical loading, leading to a transition in fracture behavior from ductile to brittle. In summary, the primary causes of cracking in aircraft engine casing materials were as follows: the aggregation of Mo and Ti compound phases and Mo-rich phases at grain boundaries, significant grain size enlargement, and a shift in the fracture nature of the alloy material. This study offers foundational research insights for the design and preparation of alloy materials for aircraft engine inner casings.
作者机构：
[Li, Xinzhuo; Tian, Hong; Sun, Liutao; Dai, Pengfei; Xu, Chenghui; Huang, Zhangjun; Li, XZ] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, XZ ] C;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Ammonia;Combustion chambers;Gas turbines;Ignition;Perturbation techniques;Ammonia/methane mixture combustion;Ignition delay time;Laminar burning velocity;Mean errors;Mechanism optimization;Mechanism reduction;Methane mixtures;Neural-networks;NO x emission;Optimisations;Activation energy
摘要：
The application of ammonia/methane (NH 3 /CH 4 ) blended fuels in gas turbines has received considerable attention, and the development of their combustors requires the implementation of more precise and compact reaction mechanisms. In this work, we propose a new optimization mechanism for ammonia/methane and comprehensively verify the performance of the optimization mechanism. A detailed chemical mechanism with 65 species and 466 reactions (Detailed-Mech) was first assembled using models from the literature. A directed relation graph with error propagation (DRGEP) and computational singular perturbation (CSP) method were then used to obtain a 23-species, 73-reaction compact reaction model (Reduced-Mech). Finally, the pre-exponential factor ( A ) and activation energy ( E a ) of five significant elementary reactions were optimized using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to obtain the optimized mechanism (ANN-Mech). The ANN-Mech was validated at ignition delay times (IDT), laminar burning velocity (LBV), plug flow reactor (PFR) species distribution, and in the 3-D combustion chamber. The study found that the logarithmic mean errors of IDT decreased by 3.9 %. The mean error of laminar burning velocity is reduced from 18.5 % to 9.5 %, and the prediction error of NO X in ANN-Mech is reduced by 47.5 %. The results of the premixed flames simulation indicate that the temperature and velocity fields of ANN-Mech at different ammonia fractions better agree with the Detailed-Mech. Additionally, the NO error of the outlet was reduced by 30 %. The calculation speed was also increased by ten times compared to the Detailed-Mech.
The application of ammonia/methane (NH 3 /CH 4 ) blended fuels in gas turbines has received considerable attention, and the development of their combustors requires the implementation of more precise and compact reaction mechanisms. In this work, we propose a new optimization mechanism for ammonia/methane and comprehensively verify the performance of the optimization mechanism. A detailed chemical mechanism with 65 species and 466 reactions (Detailed-Mech) was first assembled using models from the literature. A directed relation graph with error propagation (DRGEP) and computational singular perturbation (CSP) method were then used to obtain a 23-species, 73-reaction compact reaction model (Reduced-Mech). Finally, the pre-exponential factor ( A ) and activation energy ( E a ) of five significant elementary reactions were optimized using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to obtain the optimized mechanism (ANN-Mech). The ANN-Mech was validated at ignition delay times (IDT), laminar burning velocity (LBV), plug flow reactor (PFR) species distribution, and in the 3-D combustion chamber. The study found that the logarithmic mean errors of IDT decreased by 3.9 %. The mean error of laminar burning velocity is reduced from 18.5 % to 9.5 %, and the prediction error of NO X in ANN-Mech is reduced by 47.5 %. The results of the premixed flames simulation indicate that the temperature and velocity fields of ANN-Mech at different ammonia fractions better agree with the Detailed-Mech. Additionally, the NO error of the outlet was reduced by 30 %. The calculation speed was also increased by ten times compared to the Detailed-Mech.
作者机构：
[Zhang, Chipeng; Li, Wei; Zhou, Hui; Jiang, Dapeng; Bo, Guowei; Deng, Cuiling] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Energy & Power Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Bo, Guowei; Sun, Youping] Guangxi Univ Sci & Technol, Guangxi Key Lab Automobile Components & Vehicle Te, Liuzhou 545006, Peoples R China.;[Peng, ZR; Wang, Chenyang; Peng, Zirong; Bo, Guowei; Wang, CY] Tech Univ Munich, Chair Mat Engn Addit Mfg, Dept Mat Engn, Boltzmannstr 15, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;[Mao, Guoling] China North Engine Res Inst, Natl Key Lab Vehicle Power Syst, Tianjin 300400, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Fulin] Hunan Univ, Coll Mat Sci & Engn, Changsha 410082, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Mao, GL ] C;[Peng, ZR ; Wang, CY] T;Tech Univ Munich, Chair Mat Engn Addit Mfg, Dept Mat Engn, Boltzmannstr 15, D-85748 Garching, Germany.;China North Engine Res Inst, Natl Key Lab Vehicle Power Syst, Tianjin 300400, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Al-Si alloy;Microstructural classification;Automatic phase extraction;Unsupervised machine learing;Supervised deep learing
摘要：
Microstructural classification based on microscopic images are mostly done manually by human experts, which is time-consuming and generally leads to uncertainties due to subjectivity. In this work, machine learning and deep learning are used to automatically retrieve the useful morphology information of Si phase in Al-Si alloys which are widely used as various automotive components. Concretely, both clean mircographs without oxidization and noisy micrographs with oxidization are prepared under optical microscopy. Then an unsupervised machine learning algorithm (K-means clustering) is employed without manually labeled training data. The results show that a 92 % accuracy of extracting Si phase could be achieved on clean data, while only 75 % on noisy data. On the other hand, a supervised deep learning method (U-Net convolutional neural network) based on mixture of clean and noisy training dataset achieves high accuracy of recognizing Si phase in both clean (92 %) and noisy (87 %) micrographs. Meanwhile, the influence of the amount of training data and the proportion of the Si phase in training micrographs on the accuracy are also discussed. Further, when the training data used in U-Net method are labeled by K-means method instead of human efforts, U-Net method can achieve high accuracy in clean and noisy data.
Microstructural classification based on microscopic images are mostly done manually by human experts, which is time-consuming and generally leads to uncertainties due to subjectivity. In this work, machine learning and deep learning are used to automatically retrieve the useful morphology information of Si phase in Al-Si alloys which are widely used as various automotive components. Concretely, both clean mircographs without oxidization and noisy micrographs with oxidization are prepared under optical microscopy. Then an unsupervised machine learning algorithm (K-means clustering) is employed without manually labeled training data. The results show that a 92 % accuracy of extracting Si phase could be achieved on clean data, while only 75 % on noisy data. On the other hand, a supervised deep learning method (U-Net convolutional neural network) based on mixture of clean and noisy training dataset achieves high accuracy of recognizing Si phase in both clean (92 %) and noisy (87 %) micrographs. Meanwhile, the influence of the amount of training data and the proportion of the Si phase in training micrographs on the accuracy are also discussed. Further, when the training data used in U-Net method are labeled by K-means method instead of human efforts, U-Net method can achieve high accuracy in clean and noisy data.
摘要：
SiO2 soot preform sintering is a critical step in the indirect chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for synthesizing high-quality silica glass, which involves hydroxyl (OH) decomposition, heat and mass transfer, as well as densification. These phenomena are not fully coupled in the traditional models, which leads to inaccurate numerical predictions. To address this, a porous media model with multiphase transport and solid mechanics bidirectional coupling (MTM) is proposed for the soot preform sintering process in this paper. The model is validated by experimental results. Using this model, the densification behavior of soot preform during sintering process is predicted, and the effects of densification on heat and mass transfer are thoroughly examined. The OH decomposition rate and gas phase transport are intensified in the later sintering stage when densification occurs significantly. Consequently, the OH is concentrated, presenting a ringed-shape distribution. The temperature distribution is also affected, which transforms from a layered shape to a ringed shape, with the maximum temperature decreasing by approximately 20 °C. Furthermore, the effects of the temperature rise curve are explored. It is found that a higher preheating temperature and a longer holding time are preferable for the synthesis of high-quality silica glass.
SiO2 soot preform sintering is a critical step in the indirect chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for synthesizing high-quality silica glass, which involves hydroxyl (OH) decomposition, heat and mass transfer, as well as densification. These phenomena are not fully coupled in the traditional models, which leads to inaccurate numerical predictions. To address this, a porous media model with multiphase transport and solid mechanics bidirectional coupling (MTM) is proposed for the soot preform sintering process in this paper. The model is validated by experimental results. Using this model, the densification behavior of soot preform during sintering process is predicted, and the effects of densification on heat and mass transfer are thoroughly examined. The OH decomposition rate and gas phase transport are intensified in the later sintering stage when densification occurs significantly. Consequently, the OH is concentrated, presenting a ringed-shape distribution. The temperature distribution is also affected, which transforms from a layered shape to a ringed shape, with the maximum temperature decreasing by approximately 20 °C. Furthermore, the effects of the temperature rise curve are explored. It is found that a higher preheating temperature and a longer holding time are preferable for the synthesis of high-quality silica glass.
摘要：
A new method was proposed for predicting residual stress in light alloys using truncated conical indentation. In this method, a truncated conical indenter with a cone angle of 120°, insensitive to edge-chamfer and friction effects, was used to test the residual stress of light alloys. Selecting the ratio of indentation work between stressed and unstressed specimens as an analytical parameter, a dimensionless truncated conical indentation (TCI) model related to the ratio of indentation work between stressed and unstressed, material properties, and normalized residual stress was established via dimensional analysis and numerical calculations. The TCI model could predict equi-biaxial residual stress and uniaxial residual stress, and its accuracy was verified in a wide range of light alloys with varying residual stress by numerical simulation. The stability of the TCI model is verified numerically by introducing errors in material parameters. Truncated conical indentation tests were conducted on cruciform specimens and rectangular specimens respectively made of three aluminum alloys. The results exhibited the residual stress predicted by proposed method agrees well with the applied stress, and the relative errors between them were within ±10 % in most cases.
A new method was proposed for predicting residual stress in light alloys using truncated conical indentation. In this method, a truncated conical indenter with a cone angle of 120°, insensitive to edge-chamfer and friction effects, was used to test the residual stress of light alloys. Selecting the ratio of indentation work between stressed and unstressed specimens as an analytical parameter, a dimensionless truncated conical indentation (TCI) model related to the ratio of indentation work between stressed and unstressed, material properties, and normalized residual stress was established via dimensional analysis and numerical calculations. The TCI model could predict equi-biaxial residual stress and uniaxial residual stress, and its accuracy was verified in a wide range of light alloys with varying residual stress by numerical simulation. The stability of the TCI model is verified numerically by introducing errors in material parameters. Truncated conical indentation tests were conducted on cruciform specimens and rectangular specimens respectively made of three aluminum alloys. The results exhibited the residual stress predicted by proposed method agrees well with the applied stress, and the relative errors between them were within ±10 % in most cases.
作者机构：
[Jiang, Chengfeng; Chen, Haiyan; Li, Chuanchang] Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China;[Sun, Jinwang] School of Transportation, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China;[Liu, Lei; Zhang, Dou] State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
通讯机构：
[Haiyan Chen] K;[Dou Zhang] S;State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
摘要：
Dielectric capacitors are critical for energy storage applications, especially in pulsed power systems, owing to their ultrahigh power density and ultrafast charge/discharge capabilities. Among them, HfO₂-based thin films are particularly promising for micro-energy storage devices. In this work, double-layered Hf₀.₅Zr₀.₅O₂(3 nm)/ZrO₂(12 nm) (HZO3ZO12) films are deposited across a wide temperature range (80–225°C) to systematically investigate their energy storage performance. A machine learning-assisted multi-objective optimization approach is employed to identify the optimal deposition temperature, revealing 128°C as the ideal condition for maximizing energy storage properties. Further thickness optimization based on this deposition temperature is used to enhance the performance, achieving an excellent energy storage density of 113 J/cm³ at an applied electric field of 9.1 MV/cm. This study demonstrates a powerful strategy combining machine learning with experimental design to optimize dielectric capacitors, providing a roadmap for developing high-performance energy storage materials.
Dielectric capacitors are critical for energy storage applications, especially in pulsed power systems, owing to their ultrahigh power density and ultrafast charge/discharge capabilities. Among them, HfO₂-based thin films are particularly promising for micro-energy storage devices. In this work, double-layered Hf₀.₅Zr₀.₅O₂(3 nm)/ZrO₂(12 nm) (HZO3ZO12) films are deposited across a wide temperature range (80–225°C) to systematically investigate their energy storage performance. A machine learning-assisted multi-objective optimization approach is employed to identify the optimal deposition temperature, revealing 128°C as the ideal condition for maximizing energy storage properties. Further thickness optimization based on this deposition temperature is used to enhance the performance, achieving an excellent energy storage density of 113 J/cm³ at an applied electric field of 9.1 MV/cm. This study demonstrates a powerful strategy combining machine learning with experimental design to optimize dielectric capacitors, providing a roadmap for developing high-performance energy storage materials.
摘要：
Rubber, an organic polymer, is notoriously difficult to degrade. The large quantities of waste rubber decommissioned annually pose significant ecological and environmental challenges. This study proposes a novel strategy to transform waste rubber into high-performance carbon anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) through gas-solid intersection modification with ethanol-assisted heat treatment. This innovative approach optimizes the microstructure of rubber-derived carbon, effectively reducing the surface sulfur content and forming more pseudographite microcrystalline structures. As a result, the initial Coulombic efficiency of the anode material is significantly improved from similar to 78% to similar to 87%, and the rate performance is enhanced, maintaining a reversible specific capacity of 157 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles at a high current density of 12 C. This work not only provides a new pathway for the high-value-added recycling of waste rubber but also contributes to the development of advanced carbon anode materials for SIBs, offering dual benefits for environmental sustainability and energy storage applications.
摘要：
Developing highly effective anticorrosive coating for stainless steel bipolar plates is essential to proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this work, Cr2AlC MAX phase coatings are deposited on SS304 substrates using direct current magnetron sputtering technology with various substrate temperatures. The optimized coating deposited at 600 °C exhibits superior corrosion resistance, with a corrosion current density (Icorr) of 1.45 × 10−8 A·cm−2 and an interface contact resistance (ICR) of 9.04 mΩ cm−2. Additionally, the Cr2AlC-600 °C exhibits the largest Rct value after 500 h of immersion in the electrolyte, a value four orders of magnitude higher than that of SS304, highlighting the remarkable commercial application of the novel coating.
Developing highly effective anticorrosive coating for stainless steel bipolar plates is essential to proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this work, Cr2AlC MAX phase coatings are deposited on SS304 substrates using direct current magnetron sputtering technology with various substrate temperatures. The optimized coating deposited at 600 °C exhibits superior corrosion resistance, with a corrosion current density (Icorr) of 1.45 × 10−8 A·cm−2 and an interface contact resistance (ICR) of 9.04 mΩ cm−2. Additionally, the Cr2AlC-600 °C exhibits the largest Rct value after 500 h of immersion in the electrolyte, a value four orders of magnitude higher than that of SS304, highlighting the remarkable commercial application of the novel coating.
