作者机构：
长沙理工大学水利工程学院,长沙410114;洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室,长沙410114;湖南省环境保护河湖疏浚污染控制工程技术中心,长沙410114;[易晋; 聂小保; 何一帆; 胡明睿; 隆院男; 余志; 陆洲; 蒋昌波] School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China, Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China, Engineering and Technical Center of Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection for River-Lake Dredging Pollution Control, Changsha, 410114, China
通讯机构：
[Nie, X.] S;School of Hydraulic Engineering, China
作者机构：
[Zeng S.; 何飞] School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China;Key Laboratory of Water Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention ofHunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China;Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China;[隆院男; 屈科; 蒋昌波; 邓斌; 陈杰] School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China, Key Laboratory of Water Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention ofHunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China, Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China;[伍志元] School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, 410114, China, Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410114, China
通讯机构：
[Chen, J.] S;School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China
摘要：
We present a study on regular wave propagation on a sloping bed under the action of steady wind, which is of a great significance to complement and replenish the interaction mechanisms of nearshore wave and wind. Physical experiments were conducted in a wind-wave flume, and the corresponding numerical model was constructed based on the solver Waves2FOAM in OpenFOAM, with large-eddy simulation (LES) used to investigate the turbulent flow. The comparisons between the measured and calculated results of the free surface elevation and flow velocity indicated that the numerical model could predict the associated hydrodynamic characteristics of a nearshore wave regardless of the presence or absence of wind. The results showed that wind had a significant impact on nearshore wave evolution. It was found that under the same wind speed coverage constraint, wave breaking occurred ahead of time. The smaller the surf similarity <mml:semantics>xi 0</mml:semantics> was, the higher the dispersion degree of wave breaking locations would be, and the breaker index of <mml:semantics>Hb/hb</mml:semantics> increased with wind speed under the same incident wave height. The main components of analysis for turbulent flow were the results of the cross-spectrum, the TKE (turbulent kinetic energy), and TDR (turbulent dissipation rate). The cross-spectrum illustrated that wind enhanced the degree of coherence of the residual velocity components and aggravated turbulence. The TKE indicated that in regions near the water surface, wind speed made it considerably larger and the average level rapidly decreased with depth. The TDR exhibited that the significant effect of wind was merely imposed after breaking, wherein the turbulence penetrated the deeper flow and the average level generally rose. The velocity profile on the slope showed that the wind accelerated the undertow, and the moment statistics indicated that the velocity distribution deviated gradually from the Gaussian distribution to the right.
摘要：
Field observations over decades have found that the surface roughness of coral reefs is typically one or two order of magnitude larger than that of sandy beaches. To better reproduce the solitary wave transformation and run-up over fringing reefs with large bottom roughness, a numerical wave tank based on the CFD tool OpenFOAM (R) is developed in this study. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are solved for two-phase incompressible flow with the k-omega SST model for the turbulence closure and VOF method for tracking the free surface. The reef surface with high friction is modeled by coupling a porous media model in the RANS equations. The model is first validated by our new performed laboratory experiments as well as a laboratory dataset in the literature. A fixed set of model parameters is found to be suitable for both experiments. Subsequently, the model is applied to evaluate the impacts of hydrodynamic, morphological and roughness element factors on the wave run-up on the back-reef beach, and an empirical formula is proposed to predict the wave run-up based on the simulations. Finally, the cross-reef variations of flow and vorticity fields under the breaking solitary waves are also examined via the numerical simulations.
作者机构：
[Long, Yuannan; Liu, Yizhuang; Jiang, Changbo; Deng, Bin; Yan, Shixiong] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Hydraul Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Long, Yuannan; Liu, Yizhuang; Jiang, Changbo; Deng, Bin] Key Lab Dongting Lake Aquat Ecoenvironm Control &, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Long, Yuannan; Liu, Yizhuang; Jiang, Changbo; Deng, Bin] Key Lab Water Sediment Sci & Water Disaster Preve, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Shu-Qing] Univ Wollongong, Sch Civil Min & Environm Engn, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
通讯机构：
[Jiang, Changbo] C;[Jiang, Changbo] K;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Hydraul Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;Key Lab Dongting Lake Aquat Ecoenvironm Control &, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;Key Lab Water Sediment Sci & Water Disaster Preve, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
关键词：
hydrological drought;water shortage crisis;Dongting Lake;water supply;dry season
摘要：
Dongting Lake is located at the downstream of Three Gorges Dam (TGD) and the hydrological drought is intensified after the impoundment of TGD as the dry period has been extended from 123 days/year before the operation of TGD (1981-2002) to 141 days/year (2003-2016) on average. Particularly, the Dongting Lake's water shortage becomes very severe. To solve the problem caused by upstream dams, an innovative flood control scheme (IFCS) was introduced, and its feasibility of application in Dongting Lake is studied using the hydrodynamic module of Mike 21. The results show the IFCS can effectively convert the peak discharge of floodwater in wet seasons into water resources in dry seasons as the IFCS could significantly increase the usable water storage of the lake. For example, the usable water storage could increase to 2.85 billion m(3) and 1.81 billion m(3) in the extreme drought year of 2006 and 2011, respectively. The average increment of the water level would be about 0.4 m, 0.6 m, and 0.5 m in the West Dongting Lake (WDL), South Dongting Lake (SDL), and the East Dongting Lake (EDL), respectively, if the water stored in the inner lake was discharged uniformly in 30 days (27 November to 27 December 2006) with the application of IFCS. This study may provide an innovative method to alleviate the water shortage problem in Dongting Lake and other similar lakes.
作者：
Wu, Zhiyuan;Jiang, Changbo;Conde, Mack;Chen, Jie*;Deng, Bin
期刊：
OCEAN SCIENCE,2020年16(1):83-97 ISSN：1812-0784
通讯作者：
Chen, Jie
作者机构：
[Jiang, Changbo; Wu, Zhiyuan; Deng, Bin; Chen, Jie] Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Hydraul Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Jiang, Changbo; Wu, Zhiyuan; Deng, Bin; Chen, Jie] Key Lab Water Sediment Sci & Water Disaster Preve, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Zhiyuan] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA.;[Conde, Mack] Univ New Hampshire, Sch Marine Sci & Ocean Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA.
通讯机构：
[Chen, Jie] C;[Chen, Jie] K;Changsha Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Hydraul Engn, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.;Key Lab Water Sediment Sci & Water Disaster Preve, Changsha 410114, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The variability of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the northwest Pacific has been studied on seasonal, annual and interannual scales based on the monthly datasets of extended reconstructed sea surface temperature (ERSST) 3b (1854-2017, 164 years) and optimum interpolation sea surface temperature version 2 (OISST V2 (1988-2017, 30 years). The overall trends, spatial-temporal distribution characteristics, regional differences in seasonal trends and seasonal differences of SST in the northwest Pacific have been calculated over the past 164 years based on these datasets. In the past 164 years, the SST in the northwest Pacific has been increasing linearly year by year, with a trend of 0.033 degrees C/10 years. The SST during the period from 1870 to 1910 is slowly decreasing and staying in the range between 25.2 and 26.0 degrees C. During the period of 1910-1930, the SST as a whole maintained a low value, which is at the minimum of 164 years. After 1930, SST continued to increase until now. The increasing trend in the past 30 years has reached 0.132 degrees C/10 years, and the increasing trend in the past 10 years is 0.306 degrees C/10 years, which is around 10 times that of the past 164 years. The SST in most regions of the northwest Pacific showed a linear increasing trend year by year, and the increasing trend in the offshore region was stronger than that in the ocean and deep-sea region. The change in trend of the SST in the northwest Pacific shows a large seasonal difference, and the increasing trend in autumn and winter is larger than that in spring and summer. There are some correlations between the SST and some climate indices and atmospheric parameters; the correlations between the SST and some atmospheric parameters have been discussed, such as those of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) anomaly, total column water (TCW), NINO3.4 index, sea level pressure (SLP), precipitation, temperature at 2 m (T2) and wind speed. The lowest SST in China offshore basically occurred in February and the highest in August. The SST fluctuation in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea (BYS) is the largest, with a range from 5 to 22 degrees C; the SST in the East China Sea (ECS) is from 18 to 27 degrees C; the smallest fluctuations occur in the South China Sea (SCS), maintained at range of 26 to 29 degrees C. There are large differences between the mean and standard deviation in different sea regions.
