作者机构:
[和海芳; 周雨龙; 许紫刚] National Engineering Laboratory of Bridge Safety and Technology (Beijing), Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing;100088, China;[伍敏] School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha;410114, China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang
通讯机构:
[Zhou, Y.-L.] N;National Engineering Laboratory of Bridge Safety and Technology (Beijing), China
摘要:
为探讨进行乡村建成环境主观评价(Subjective Evaluation of Built Environment,SEBE)时,适用于乡村留守老人使用主体的评价因子及尺度体系科学构建方法,选取雪峰山丘陵山区村落为研究对象,通过实地访谈和调研得到用于主观评价的语义词、语义量词的初选库,然后制作成问卷向村民发放,最后对收集的问卷数据进行量化分析,确定主观评价语义词和语义量词。研究获得了适于留守老人使用主体的乡村环境主观评价14组评价因子的形容词对和5级、7级、9级的评价尺度标尺。乡村有当地的语言使用习惯,主观评价基于村民的习惯开展,需对空间场景及心理尺度进行精确描述,构建的“评价体系初选—乡村实地走访—数据数理统计—评价体系形成”的方法,为量化建成环境对使用主体的价值需求满足程度,建立了切实有效的乡村环境主观评价可行路径。
摘要:
英国谢菲尔德是英国最绿的城市之一,堪称生态城市的典范,从谢菲尔德城市自然与人文生态特征分析入手,重点剖析谢菲尔德在面对新的气候变化、生态发展方面制定的策略。主要分析城市在如何“与水共存”,如何创造与自然和谐共处的蓝绿生态网络,如何增加生物多样性并且协调社会发展等方面提出的解决策略与原则。以灰色变绿色项目(Grey to Green Project)为例,重点介绍谢菲尔德在极端气候中蓝绿系统的弹性修复能力、低干预管理与维持植物种群之间的竞争力,保持生物多样性、营造四季多年生景观与社区交互性场所等3方面值得借鉴的理念。谢菲尔德在建立环境、城市、社会的韧性方面提出了非常好的建议与策略,值得深入研究与学习。
关键词:
Sustainable urban management;Digital twin;Solar and wind renewable energy resources;Time-of-use;Microgrid
摘要:
This paper proposes a sustainable energy management method for microgrids (MGs) in the urban area while taking into account energy storage systems (ESSs) and renewable energy (RE). This study integrates RE, such as solar and wind energy production, into the power grid, and formulates the optimum dispatch scheme of hybrid energy production, based on ESS charge and discharge planning using their digital models. Electricity is exchanged among the MG systems and the utilities on a daily basis. MG systems' cost-effective dispatch per day is solved by an improved pigeon-inspired optimization algorithm (IPIOA) considering the time-of-use (TOU) and other technical limitations. IPIOA can be modified in various ways for finding possible spaces with greater efficiency. This study uses IPIOA to manage power costs economically for Islanding and non-Islanding cases and compares the outcomes with other methods. Additionally, it uses micro-turbines as well as REs, ESSs, and Islanding and non-Islanding cases to schedule MGs optimally. In comparison to a number of existing algorithms, the new approach has proven to be more robust, reliable, and efficient.
摘要:
地聚物是通过化学激发生成的具有低碳属性的新型胶凝材料, 具有部分取代水泥的巨大潜力。本文通过压汞试验表征了偏高岭土-矿渣地聚物净浆及砂浆的孔隙结构, 分析了液固比、砂体积分数等因素对孔结构特性的影响, 明确了孔结构特性与面分形维数的相关性。采用氯离子非稳态电迁移试验、非稳态自然扩散试验和水分扩散试验, 研究了偏高岭土-矿渣地聚物净浆与砂浆的抗渗透性能, 分析了液固比、砂体积分数及孔面分形维数与浆体介质传输性能的相关性。结果表明: 随着液固比增大, 地聚物净浆的孔隙率和最可几孔径均增大, 抗渗透性能降低; 地聚物砂浆的抗渗透性能优于水泥砂浆, 砂体积分数增加时, 地聚物砂浆的最可几孔径和介质传输系数均先减小后增大, 抗渗透性能先增强后减弱; 孔面分形维数能较好地表征地聚物浆体孔结构特性, 并与抗渗透性能相关性良好。 Geopolymer is a novel cementitious material with low carbon properties produced by chemical activation, which has great potential to partially replace cement. The pore structure of metakaolin-slag geopolymer paste and mortar was characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry tests. The effects of liquid-solid ratio and sand volume fraction on pore structure properties were analyzed, the correlation between pore structure properties and surface fractal dimension was clarified, and the permeability resistance of metakaolin-slag geopolymer paste and mortar was investigated using chloride unsteady electromigration test, unsteady natural diffusion test and moisture diffusion test. The correlation between liquid-solid ratio, sand volume fraction, pore surface fractal dimension, and slurry media transport performance was analyzed. The results show that with the increase of liquid-solid ratio, the porosity and the most available pore size of geopolymer paste increase and the permeability resistance decreases. The permeability resistance of geopolymer mortar is superior to that of cement mortar. The most available pore size and media transfer coefficient of geopolymer mortar decrease first and then increase with the increase of sand volume fraction, and the permeability resistance increases first and then decreases. Furthermore, the pore surface fractal dimension can well characterize the pore structure properties of geopolymer slurry and has a good correlation with permeability resistance.